Enzyme assay

Introduction 

The interaction of the enzyme and substrate is analyzed in the enzyme assays. The key factors that can influence the interaction tastes are also analyzed in the enzyme assay. The detection of the optimum level of the key factors and the type of enzyme assay, especially the ELISA, is discussed here. 

Assay meaning

This is the process by which the characteristic features of the object are examined in the aspect of weight, quality, colour, etc. The change rate in the presence of the special elements and the change in the absence of a specific element is also measured. Both the quantitative and qualitative methods are measured in this process.  

A brief about Enzyme assays

The Qualitative analysis of the enzyme is the process where substrate interactions rates in the presence or the absence of an element are measured. Quantitative analysis is the process where the concentration rates, the kinetic mechanism rates of the enzyme, and the substrate are measured.The main two types of enzyme assay are the continuous assay and the discontinuous assay. The key factors for the completion of the enzyme assays are the- 

pH effect of the activity of the enzyme, Concentration effect of the substrate, temperature effect on both the enzyme and the substrate. Other factors are the ionic effect of the ES (enzyme-substrate). The impact of steady-state on the ES interaction is measured. 

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Enzyme assays are of different types and one of the famous enzyme assays is the ELISA. ELISA is the process by which the interaction of the antigens and type antibodies is measured. Thus assays are used for the measurement of the proteins and in HIV patients, in pregnant patients, etc. this assay is done with the use of the 96 well plates where different types of enzymes, samples, are put and measured at a time. Here, a NUNC Immuno plate is needed for the completion of the ELISA test. 

Steps of ELISA

At first, the ELSA plate needs to be washed with the antibody that is needed to be captured. The excess of the unbound antibody then breeds to be washed out from the plate. With the help of the capture antibody, the antigen is attracted. After that, the sample is added to the wells, and then, after that, the binding of the antigen and the antibody is done and the duplication of the bond for the further measurement of the assays. 

The next step is the addition of the detection antibody which helps with the labelling of the enzymes.  The main task of the detection antibody is to get bound with the target antigen that has bound with the antibody. At last, a substrate is added for the ES interaction. 

The main key feature of the ELISA assay is that it changes the colour of the substrate and with the help of the plate reader the conversion of the colour is measured. The concentration of the antigen in the sample is then measured with the help of the standard curve. The concentration is determined with the help of the optical density of the light.  Following all these steps helps in the measurement of the bonding rates of the antigen and the antibody in the sample. 

ELISA using areas

ELISA is used for the labs for the analysis of the antigen and the antibody interactions. And there the dilution of the sample is done to different cell lines of the cancer cells of the experimenting cells for the collection of the antibody and antigen interaction rates. This method is also used for the determination of the monoclonal antibodies and the interaction of the mycotoxins. The toxin levels of the antigen are labelled with the antibody and the toxicity of the sample is measured. 

There is a high chance of getting the fake positive of the fake negative result but the use of this method is that the cross-reaction rates of the molecules are very much higher in this case. This test is mostly used for the analysis of health issues; it is also used in the research and the development sectors. It is also used in the industrial sectors for the analysis of the purity of the components. 

It is mostly used for the analysis of the toxicity of the influenza virus, HIV, etc. The antibody that can be able to cure the disease is also examined with the help of the ELISA test.  

Conclusion

As per the analysis of the topic, it can be concluded that enzyme assay has different types and the ELISA is mostly used for medical purposes and commercial purposes as well. The analysis of the toxicity le3ebl in influenza, pregnancy test, HIV test is also measured by the use of this technique.