DNA SEQUENCING METHOD

Basic biological studies, DNA Genographic Initiatives, and a variety of applied applications such as medical diagnostics, biotechnology, forensic biology, epidemiology, and natural systematics all require knowledge of DNA sequences. When healthy and mutant DNA sequences are compared, this can be utilized to detect numerous illnesses, including cancers, describe antibody repertoires, and guide patient therapy.  Providing a speedy technique to sequence DNA provides for more species to be recognized and documented, as well as speedier and more tailored medical care.

Modern DNA sequencing technology has aided in the reading of whole DNA sequences, or chromosomes, of many varieties and forms of life, along with the genetic code and other comprehensive Nucleotide sequences of many creatures, plant, and bacteria species. 

An example of computerized structure DNA sequencing findings. Research scientists used painstaking two-dimensional chromatography procedures to extract the first DNA sequences in the early 1970s. DNA sequencing has gotten easier and times larger faster with the invention of fluorescence-based sequencing technologies with DNA sequences. 

DNA SEQUENCING METHOD

Frederick Sanger, an English scientist, discovered Sanger sequencing in the early 1980s. The Sanger method is a traditional DNA sequencing approach that prevents the addition of some other nucleotides by using fluorescent connectedness (dideoxynucleotides, N = A, T, G, or C). To understand more about this procedure, see our article ‘Sanger Sequencing: Intro, Theory, and Workflow.’

With benefits like high throughput, cost efficiency, and speed, upcoming sequencing (NGS, also called parallel processing sequencing) has essentially replaced Sanger sequencing. NGS can concurrently change the priority of millions of pieces. NGS is a kind of short-read sequencing that entails building a small fragment library, DNA sequencing, raw post processing, DNA sequence mapping, construction, curation, and output analysis.

3rd sequencing, also known as long-read sequencing and incorporating Phytochemical SMRT genetic analysis and Oxford microfabrication sequencing, can look at billions of DNA and RNA templates at once and find variable methylations without bias. Long-read techniques can detect more variants, including those that short-read decoding by itself can identify.

CHAIN TERMINATION DNA SEQUENCING 

Chain-termination DNA sequencing, also known as the dideoxynucleotide process, is based on the idea that throughout Target DNA, a primary hydroxyl party on the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the final nucleotide of the developing DNA strand is required for the insertion of a molecule triphosphate. When a synthetic dideoxynucleotide with no hydrogen bond at the 3′ carbon of the sugar moiety is added at the end of the expanding string, DNA polymerase stops because a phosphodiester link with the next incoming nucleotide cannot be formed. As a result, the dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing method’s distinguishing feature is the termination of DNA synthesis.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DNA SEQUENCING METHOD 

Advantage of DNA sequencing method- 

DNA sequencing can offer an accurate diagnosis that can change medical therapy of sensations or provide therapy choices for persons who are suffering from a health-related issue. Another benefit of genetic analysis is that it allows researchers to learn more about treatment efficacy and side effects.

Disadvantages of DNA sequencing method- 

The majority of doctors are untrained on how to evaluate genetic data. It’s possible that a person’s DNA collects details that they would not want to know. For instance, a patient’s DNA is sequenced to establish the most appropriate elevated serum therapy strategy.

CHALLENGES 

The methods discussed here generate raw data that must be assembled into larger sequences, such as whole genomes (sequence assembly). The assessment of the raw gene sequences, which is performed by programmes and algorithms like Phred and Phrap, is among the numerous computational obstacles to overcome. Other difficulties include repeated sequences that, since they appear throughout the genome, frequently preclude full genome assembly. As a result, numerous sequences may be unable to be attributed to certain chromosomes. The generation of raw sequence information is merely the first step in a thorough bioinformatics study. Emerging innovations for detecting and fixing faults in sequencing have also been created.

CONCLUSION

Isolated genes, bigger genetic areas, whole genomes, or entire lineages of any organism may all be sequenced using DNA sequencing. Genetic analysis is also the most effective method for sequencing RNA or enzymes indirectly (via their open reading frames). Genome sequencing has been an important tool in many fields of biology and perhaps other disciplines, including medicine, archaeology, and archaeology.