Tughlaq Dynasty

The “Tughlaq dynasty” was ruled by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq or Ghazi Malik in the period of 1320-1325 AD. He was the governor of the khilji dynasty. The dynasty was started in 1313 and ceased by 1413. In this article all the brief details related to trade schemes and the policies with the organisational reforms under the dynasty.  This dynasty was ended by the Timur invasion in the period of 1398. The first administrative reforms were conducted by the Tughlaq dynasty. But later all the reforms failed due to a lack of plans and policies. The failed plans considered the king as the worst king of Indian history.  

Background of Tughlaq Dynasty 

The founder of the “Tughlaq dynasty” was Ghiyas-ud-Din-Tughlaq, the eldest son of Mohammad bin Tughlaq. He was the greatest ruler of this dynasty, who changed the face of Indian history by implementing various laws and rules. The main reason for this dynasty’s failure was that the king has decided to Shift the “capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, the entire population was ordered to shift from Delhi to Daulatabad”. Therefore, the people who were with the belongings of gold and copper coins were left with silver coins only. The shifting was done because of the Mongol invasion in the capital. 

Domestic   and foreign schemes of the Tughlaq Dynasty 

The domestic and foreign schemes were established by Mohamad bin Tughlaq in the starting period of the 1300s. The province of the dynasty has been changed as per the reinstitution. The king shows more attention on the “farming, soldiers, irrigation, judicial policies”. The king has successfully captured the “Orissa (Utkala), Warangal and Bengal”. The Mongol leaders are subsequently controlled by his powers but later they defeated him and took over the dynasty. As the coins were replaced in silver form, the monetary policy has started where the coins are exchanged in purchasing any products. It is also known as a token of currency. 

The Deccan policy is started in the “Tughlaq dynasty”, as the king wants to conquer the whole of Iraq and Khurasan. It provided the heavy tax rate on the products of doab. The transfer of the capital from Delhi to Devgiri and to Daulatabad was the greatest domestic reform that the kingmade in his ruling years. There were four types of tax rates imposed by the king “kharaj, zakarat, kham, and jizya”. These taxes were imposed on the land and the jizya was imposed on non-Muslim people. These heavy tax rates made the foreign rulers stop their services in the ruling cities. 

Policies   under Tughlaq   Dynasty 

There are several policies which are drawn during the Tughlaq dynasty regarding the land allotment, currency, toll taxes on cultural tours and taxes for non-Muslims. The transfer of capital was the first policy made by the “Tughlaq dynasty”. The rulers of the Tughlaq dynasty imposed a policy named as Khurasan Expedition, in which they want to finish the country Iraq for getting the authority of being the most famous ruler. The second policy was regarding the issuance of the token currency in the state. The token should be of “each bronze coin had the same value as a silver coin (tanka)”. Due to the excess tax rate the silver coins loosen its value in a quick span of time. 

The third policy of the“Tughlaq dynasty” was the Quarachil Expedition, in which the Kullu- Kangra region which is in Himachal Pradesh was taken under the Tughlaq dynasty. Due to cold weather, heavy rainfall and scattered road, the king failed to conquer the region and the armies could not survive the weather. The fourth policy of the Tughlaq dynasty was “Taxation in Doab Region”, the tax rates in the Ganga and Yamuna region got hike by the triple amount to refill the treasure often kingdom.  

Organizational   Reforms of Tughlaq Dynasty 

The organisational reforms are related to the agricultural department policy is known as the Diwan-i-kohi, where the king wanted to convert the rigid and uncultivated land into fertile farming land. Later the addition of the organisational reforms the agriculture loans known as (Taquavi) was removed to provide relaxation to the farmers. The patents and salaries of the officials in his dynasty were subsequently increased to retain them as the officials are skilled and very knowledgeable. All the unfair taxes such as jizya and toll taxes were removed to gain popularity among the Indian and non-muslim peoples. 

Conclusion   

In order to conclude this article, it can be stated that the “Tughlaq dynasty” was a great dynasty until the son of Mohammad bin Tughlaq has taken them in charge. The institution reforms were suitable for the economy but due to lack of a plan, it got submerged. The king also established a few charitable hospitals, canals on the riverside, built new towns, bridges, and roadways. The foreign policies introduced by them which creates lots of employment opportunities for the domestic nation as well as for the foreigners also. The policies and reforms made under the Tughlaq dynasty were not very useful to raise the kingdom to the top, this is because the plan was not executed properly.