Aurangzeb

The Aurangzeb’s real name was Muhi al-Din Muhammad; he was born on 3rd November 1618 at Dhod, Malwa. He was the last of the great Mughal emperors who ruled over India before the invasion of Britishers in India. During his rule, the Mughal emperors had reached various great extents in different regions even though the policies of Aurangzeb were not so good with the other rulers and the public, which led to the fall of his empire. Aurangzeb has been one of the greatest rulers in the Mughal dynasty; he was the sixth Mughal emperor who ruled almost every region of India. 

Aurangzeb’s early life

Aurangzeb being the third son of the Shah Jahan and Mumtaz receives lots of love and care from both of his parents, and being the royal family he was inherited by the traits of the royal blood. He was considered a very serious person who devoted his mind and youth to the orthodoxy of the Muslims. Although he does not inherit traits of royal Mughal like sensuality and drunkenness. He was very focused on his skills in the military as well as his administrative ability. These skills and the quality made him taste the power after working in the military deviation of the empire and expanding his rule over the different regions. Aurangzeb liked the powers and wanted to have more powers which led to the rivalry with his elder brother Dara Shikoh. Dara Shikoh was a very brilliant as well as a volatile person who was designated as the successor of the throne after Shah Jahan. The Shah Jahan itself announced him as the successor of the throne. The Aurangzeb has been appointing the different pieces of stuff like the expansion of the rule in Persia and Uzbek. He commanded the troops in the region of Persian Uzbeks and declared the victory of his rule in (1646-1647). The Deccan provinces of the Muslims were divided into two parts in (1636-44, 1654-58) leading to the near subjection of their rule. 

Aurangzeb as Emperor of India 

The reign of Aurangzeb fell in two parts while the first parts of the reign lasted till 1680. Aurangzeb was capable to maintain the Muslim monarch mixed with the Hindu and Muslim empire along with the dislike of his ruthless behavior which also leads others to fear him. During this period he was busy safeguarding the northwest part from the Persians and the central Asian Turks. Along with the Shivaji Maharaja, the Maratha chief twice tried to invade the Surat fort and failed in 1664 and 1670.  Shivaji was defeated and was called to Agra fort for the reconciliation and placed himself in the imperial service of Mughal, but Shivaji refused and fled from the grasp of Aurangzeb and died in 1680. 

The next part of the Aurangzeb reign was after 1680 when the changes in the policies and the attitudes of the Aurangzeb rule changed. The Aurangzeb introduced the mixed kingdom where the Hindus were considered as the subordinates and the Marathas in the southern kingdom of muslins were marked as annexation, not as containment. The first changes were imposed in the policy by introducing the poll tax, non- Muslim tax or the jizya all these taxes were imposed in 1679.  

Aurangzeb’s death and his tomb

Until 1689 the rule of the Mughal emperor had been spread in the different parts of the world with around 4 million square km. Aurangzeb died in 1707 at the age of 88 in Ahmednagar, due to his terminal illness, which cannot be treated. The death of Aurangzeb took place in his military camp in Ahmednagar. He was the true king or the ruler who loved to be on military ground. Even in the death bed of his own, he has been making efforts to make the growth of his reign. Aurangzeb also made sure that even after his death the people remember him for his great success and the mark in different regions of his rule. After his death, children, son Azam Shah and daughter Zeenat-un-Nissa arrived at his camp. The body of Aurangzeb was carried to Khuldabad from Ahmednagar where his tomb is made. Khuldabad is the city in Aurangabad district 24kms away from Aurangabad with the complex of the dargah of Sheikh Zainuddin. The tombs of the Aurangzeb have been made with red stones with a length less than 3 yards. At first, the tombs were roofed by “the vault of the sky” and later a gateway and domed porch were added in 1760.

Conclusion 

The Mughal dynasty has various rulers who have been ruling in India for a long time. The great Mughal emperor Akbar and his descendants have been ruling over India and among all the Aurangzeb have one of the greatest after Akbar. The Aurangzeb has been very ambitious and ruthless to Hindus and Muslims as well. The fear of Aurangzeb has been one of the factors to make the people follow him in every situation. The kings are compelled to be in the imperial service of the Mughal dynasty by the fear of his ruthless behavior.