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The making of a chainlike network of larger molecules from small molecules called monomers is known as polymer, and the process is known as polymerization. The small molecules called monomers are all almost the same or may represent different compounds as well. The polymerization industries are present globally and are responsible for the manufacturing of a wide variety of products such as engineering plastics, plastics, polyolefins, thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosets, and many more. All these materials are used to build very common day-to-day life objects and highly specialized or customized products as well. Some of the key areas where these polymers are used are; containers, sports equipment, gadget parts, bag accessories, toys, stationery, etc.
Polymerization:-
The process of polymer formation with the help of monomers is called polymerization. It is a chemical process where any molecules are joined together either using monomers wholly or partially depending on the desired product outcome. This chemical process requires the aid of catalysis, heat, and pressure. The monomers, therefore, are used to make polymers and the polymers then, are used to make alloys.
Types of Polymers
Based on unique polymer manufacturing processes, they can be divided into three main types;
Thermoplastics- This type of polymer is extremely durable and it is almost impossible to degrade this material. This polymer can be reshaped easily if heat is applied. Some of the main examples of this polymer (thermoplastics) are; Polystyrene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polycarbonate, Polypropylene, etc. these are mainly used in automobile parts, hard plastic containers like powder or shampoo bottles, CDs, DVDs. It is also used as a coating material.
Thermosets- These are very different from thermoplastics. Even with the application of heat, these materials remain in solid shape and cannot be altered, shape-wise. These polymers are best suited for the manufacturing of electrical appliances.
Elastomers- As the name suggests, this type of polymer can be very elastic. The shape and size can be altered with the addition or withdrawal of heat. In cooler conditions, these become harder and vice-versa. Products like rubber shoe soles, dilatation seals, window profile seals, pipe and hose seals, hardware support appliances, etc., are made from this polymer. The clothing industry has a lot of demand for this polymer, especially in raincoats, stretchable wearables.
Disadvantages of Polymers :-
The polymerization industry is very crucial and it is spread all over the world due to its multi-purpose uses in different other industries. However, the process of manufacturing polymers and the polymers itself has a lot of negative aspects as well:
Polymers are unable to withstand high temperatures. Almost all polymers will start to melt if they receive excessive heat.
The strength of polymers is not like that of metals. Iso, even if polymers have replaced metals in many areas, the same durability or hardiness of the metal products cannot be replicated with polymers.
Polymers cannot be used in applications where heat is used as it will start to destroy the product.
Due to comparatively much weaker structural rigidity, heavy products cannot be made using polymers in all situations.
Polymers cause pollution in multiple ways.
Polymers are extremely difficult to dispose of and thus, have added to the garbage management issues all over the world. Especially, in the big cities and industrial regions.
Conclusion
Polymers are made from smaller molecular elements called monomers and they are manufactured in a wide variety of ways. The different results or different types of polymers offer different purposes. The polymerization industry is one of the most diverse industries in the entire world in terms of the range f products being produced. The polymers can be natural as well like Cellulose, protein, starch, wool, silk, and natural rubber. The use of polymers is increasing day by day and has replaced a lot of other products mainly metal and wood. People are opting for polymers even though they are extremely harmful to the natural environment due to their cheap price, durability, low maintenance, and multipurpose usability.
