RAM and ROM

Every computer contains both RAM and ROM. RAM is a type of volatile memory that saves the files people are operating on for a short period. Whereas, ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that saves commands for a computer indefinitely.

RAM

RAM or Random Access Memory is a type of computer memory that allows data to be read and updated in any manner. It is commonly used to save functional data and machine code.  

A Random Access memory gadget enables data items to be interpreted or written in almost the same period regardless of their physical position within the memory. In contrast to other direct-access information storage methods like hard discs, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs, magnetic tapes and drum memory, where the time needed to interpret and write collected data differs considerably based on their specific locations on the capturing form of media caused by mechanical constraint.

The temporary memory of a device is known as RAM. It is a critical element in all gadgets, be it computers or cell phones or gaming systems. Performing anything and everything on any device would be difficult and slower if it does not have enough RAM. It retains or temporarily saves whatever that is presently working on a system.

It is a high-speed element that briefly stores all of the data a gadget requires now and in the future. In comparison to hard drives, which are slower but provide permanent data storage, accessing data in RAM is incredibly quick.

ROM

A device’s Read-Only Memory (ROM) is an electronic storage media that is incorporated in the gadget at the time of the manufacturing process. After the memory card is manufactured, data saved in ROM cannot be digitally altered. ROM is ideal for retaining software that is seldom modified during the lifespan of the device, also called firmware.

ROM chips are either incorporated into an external unit – such as pen drives and similar auxiliary storage devices – or inserted in a detachable chip into the system’s circuitry. Non-volatile memory, such as ROM, can function without the need for an electric supply.

Differences between RAM and ROM

Retention of Data

RAM is a type of volatile memory that can save data for as long as power is available. Whereas, ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that can keep data even if the power is switched off.

Type of work

Data that has been saved in RAM can be recovered and modified. However, only read-only data can be stored in ROM.

Usage

RAM has been used to temporarily store information that needs to be processed by the CPU. Whereas, the commands needed for the PC’s bootstrap are stored in ROM.

Speed

RAM is a type of memory that operates at a high speed. 

ROM is significantly slower than RAM.

Interaction with the CPU

The data in RAM can be read by the CPU. But ROM data cannot be accessed by the CPU unless it is first saved in RAM.

Capacity and Size

RAM has a huge capacity and a large size.  ROM is small and has a lesser capacity. 

Location of Use

RAM is used as both a cache for the CPU and as primary memory. 

Firmware and microcontrollers both use ROM.

Ease of Access

In RAM, the data is easily accessible. But the information saved in ROM is not as accessible as data stored in RAM.

Cost Effectiveness 

RAM is more expensive. ROM is less expensive than RAM.

Types of RAM

RAM is used to save the programmes and data that the CPU is using in real-time. The information stored in random access memory can be accessed, written, and deleted indefinitely. RAM is a hardware component that stores the data currently in use.

There are 2 types of RAMs – 

Static RAM

The state of a six transistor memory cell is used to store a piece of data in static RAM, or (SRAM).

Dynamic RAM

Dynamic RAM, or (DRAM), is a type of memory that stores data in bits utilising a pairing of transistors and capacitors that make up a DRAM memory cell.

Types of ROM

ROM is the type of memory in which information is pre-recorded. Data saved in ROM is non-volatile, meaning it is kept even when the computer is shut off.

There are 4 types of ROMs- 

Programmable ROM

Data is entered once the memory chip is generated. It is non-volatile.

Erasable Programmable ROM

The information on such a non-volatile chip could well be destroyed by exposure to high-intensity UV light.

Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM

The information on such a non-volatile chip could be electronically wiped using field electron emission.

Mask ROM

Mask ROM is a type of ROM wherein information is stored while the memory chip is being manufactured.

Conclusion 

RAM is short for Random Access Memory and ROM is short for reading Only Memory. They are volatile and non-volatile memories of a computer system respectively.  Irrespective of the differences in their functionalities, they are essential in running a computer.