DNA and Face Matching Systems

Why in news?

• DNA and facial matching techniques would be implemented by a centre at police stations all over India.  

Key points:

• It will be implemented under the Criminal Procedure Identification Act, 2022. This Act replaced the  Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920. 
• It will  enable police and Central investigating agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples, including retina and iris scans of arrested persons. 
• The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)  is  assigned with finalising the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). 
• The States have been asked to identify the locations and  where the Measurement Collection Unit (MCU) may be established as suggested by the NCRB. 

Challenges of DNA and Facial Matching Techniques in Policing:

• Privacy Concerns: DNA and facial data collection and storage raise significant privacy issues, potentially infringing on individual rights.
• Data Accuracy: Errors in DNA analysis or facial recognition can lead to wrongful arrests and investigations.
• Bias and Fairness: Facial recognition algorithms often exhibit racial and gender bias, leading to discriminatory outcomes.
• Technical Limitations: Both DNA and facial recognition have limitations in identifying suspects in low-quality or challenging conditions.

Conclusion:

• Balancing the advantages with these concerns is crucial for responsible implementation and maintaining public trust in law enforcement practices.