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Mangalyaan was a significant accomplishment for the Indian Space Research Organisation. It aided in studying the Martian terrain, including morphology, surface geology, temperature, atmospheric dynamics, and atmospheric escape.
Mangalyaan studied geology and morphology using five primary instruments. Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS), Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA), Mars Colour Camera (MCC), Lyman Alpha Photometer, and Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) were among the five instruments.
Key Takeaways
- India’s Mars Mission, Mangalyaan completes 8 years in orbit.
- Mangalyaan studied geology and morphology using five primary instruments.
- On 24 September 2014, the Mangalyaan spacecraft reached Mars and began a high ellipse of 423 80,000 km
- The Mars mission was handled by ISRO.
- The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) administers a national network of centres.
The Indian Mars Orbiter Mission
The unmanned Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), commonly known as Mangalyaan, is India’s first interplanetary spacecraft. On November 5, 2013, the (PSLV) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was used to launch the Mars Orbiter Mission from Sriharikota Island, Andhra Pradesh.
Only 15 months before launch, in August 2012, the Indian government approved the (MOM) Mars Orbiter Mission project. By modelling MOM’s architecture after Chandrayaan-1, India’s first Moon probe, ISRO could maintain low mission costs. 1 The PSLV lacked the thrust to launch the 1,350 kg mission on a direct course, so over four weeks, the spacecraft raised its orbit using low-power thrusters until it could escape Earth’s gravity on 1 December and begin its journey to Mars.
On 24 September 2014, the spacecraft reached Mars and began a high ellipse of 423 80,000 km, allowing it to photograph one whole hemisphere of Mars at once.
The colour camera, an infrared light sensor, a mass spectrometer to examine neutral particles in Mars’s outer atmosphere, an ultraviolet spectrometer for analysing deuterium & hydrogen in Mars’ upper atmosphere, and a methane sensor are among the equipment on board the spacecraft. On October 19, 2014, MOM reached Mars in time to view Comet Siding Spring as it passed the planet at a range of 132,000 km.
Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is an Indian space organisation established in 1969 to construct an autonomous Indian space program. Its headquarters are located in Bangalore (Bengaluru). The chairman of ISRO is also the head of the Indian government’s Space Commission and the secretary of the Ministry of Space.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) administers a national network of centres. The Space Application Centre in Ahmedabad is responsible for developing sensors and payloads. The U R Rao Satellite Centre (previously the ISRO Satellite Centre) from Bangalore is where satellites are planned, produced, constructed, and tested.
The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre near Thiruvananthapuram is responsible for the development of launch vehicles. The Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island, near Chennai, hosts launches.
About Mars
Mars is the fourth-closest planet to the Sun in the universe and the seventh-largest and heaviest planet overall. It is a reddish object within the night sky that occasionally stands out. This symbol designates Mars.
Surface characteristics
Around latitudes, 10° to 40° S, a region of the planet’s surface that covers nearly one-third of Mars is covered with black marks. Their distribution is erratic, and it has been seen that their overall pattern changes over periods of tens to thousands of years. There are just three such prominent structures in the northern hemisphere that were originally thought to be shallow waters or vegetated regions: Acidalia Planitia, Syrtis Major, a black collar around the pole.
Many of Mars’ black regions are now understood to emerge and shift as winds transport dark sand over the planet’s surface or clear patches of dazzling dust. Numerous bright patches are locations where dust has accumulated. Close-up photographs taken by spacecraft do not show the canals that were so clearly depicted on maps created from telescopic sightings from around the turn of the century. They were probably definitely made-up features that observers believed they saw when trying to distinguish objects that were on the edge of their telescopes’ resolution.
Lyman-Alpha Photometer is a photometer that assesses the quantity of deuterium & hydrogen in the high atmosphere using Lyman-alpha emissions. The amount of water lost to space may be estimated by measuring the deuterium/hydrogen ratio. Before and following Mars periapsis, LAP is supposed to operate within ranges of around 3,000 km (1,900 mi). In the usual range of operation, a minimum observation period of 60 minutes in each orbit is required to meet the science objectives of LAP.
Mars Orbiter Mission Goals
The mission’s primary goal was to develop the technology necessary for designing, planning, managing, and operating an interplanetary mission. The secondary goal is to use indigenous scientific instruments to investigate Mars’s surface features, morphology, minerals, and Martian atmosphere. The primary goal of the Mars Orbiter Mission has been as follows:
- Orbit adjustments were used to move the spacecraft from an Earth-centred orbit to a heliocentric track before being trapped in Martian orbit
- Force algorithms and models for orbit, as well as attitude calculations and analysis, are being developed
- All aspects of navigation
- Maintaining the spaceship during the voyage
- Meeting the criteria for power, thermal, communication and payload functioning
- Incorporate autonomous characteristics to deal with unexpected scenarios
Mangalyaan's Successful Launch
Mangalyaan, India’s first planetary expedition, was launched atop PSLV-C25 in 2013, allowing ISRO, the world’s fourth space agency, to manage a mission outside Earth’s orbit. According to India Today, this spacecraft was a demonstration mission designed to demonstrate whether India could develop, launch, and manage a mission on another planet.
This identical spacecraft carried five instruments to study the Martian surface morphology, morphology, minerals, and atmosphere.
