HYDROGEOLOGY

Hydrogeology is a branch of science that deals with the study of the underground water that is percolating within the soil. Hydrogeology plays an important role in the field of engineering as it helps in determining various aspects of the soil. Hydrogeology plays a vital role in designing the dams and various hydrological structures needed in this modern world. Hydrogeology is also used to evaluate various mathematical terms, like the water content of the soil, hydrodynamic depressions, the study of the catchment area, and the behaviour of aquifers. However, groundwater is one of the most important natural resources of the planet, which is getting polluted due to humankind.

WHAT IS HYDROGEOLOGY?

Hydrogeology is the study of the water movements that are populated under the soil, i.e., the groundwater. It also deals with the law that governs the movement, distribution and treatment of this water. It is also termed geohydrology and groundwater hydrology. It deals with the study of the mechanical, chemical, physical properties of the water within the soil. It is also known as groundwater engineering, which is a branch of science that deals with the design of pipes, pumps, drains, wells, etc., on the basis of the movement of the water that is percolating under the water. Moreover, hydrogeology is the exploration of underground water on the experimental as well as theoretical level.

EVALUATION IN HYDROGEOLOGY:

Hydrogeology is a branch of science that deals with the underground water that is percolating within the soil. To determine the flow of the water, it is required to evaluate the viscosity of the water, which is calculated with the help of the Reynolds number. Similarly, the Strokes law is used for determining the pressure that is affecting the flow of the water under the soil. The study of this flow of water is termed, fluid mechanics. Moreover, there is a mathematical relationship in the branch of hydrogeology where Darcy’s law and Laplace equations are used to deriving various application formulas. This movement of groundwater had also played a great part in climatology as well as in the study of microbiological organisms. Hydrogeology is used for evaluating various specific terms, like, Hydraulic head, the flow of water through an aquifer, porosity, water content of the soil, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield of the aquifer, hydrodynamic depressions, molecular diffusion, etc.

APPLICATION OF HYDROGEOLOGY:

There are several applications of hydrogeology in the field of engineering and several other aspects. They are:

• Hydrogeology plays a vital role in observing the catchment areas. It performs. Evaluation of the relationship between surface water and the groundwater in the catchment areas to determine the. Variation.

• It plays an important role in determining the design and the operation of the hydraulic structure.

• It also determines the water yield of a basin, which plays an important role in designing dams and other water supply units.

• It is responsible for groundwater development, which helps in the various exploring aspects, like climate cropping patterns, etc.

• Hydrogeology plays an important role in determining the intensity of the storm, which helps in designing the drainages.

• It is also useful in calculating the rainfall surface runoff as well as the precipitation.

• Hydrologists study the underground water, which helps in studying the erosion and the factors affecting the erosion, as well as sediments.

TYPES OF HYDROGEOLOGY:

Hydrogeology is the study of groundwater and its various properties. The study of the property of groundwater categorises hydrogeology into two categories, physical hydrogeology and chemical hydrogeology. Physical hydrogeology studies the mechanical and physical properties of the groundwater that includes, including the water content, groundwater level, catchment areas, etc. In contrast, chemical hydrogeology deals with the chemical properties of the groundwater, which includes the pH level, pollutant content, total dissolved solids in the water, etc.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HYDROGEOLOGY:

Hydrogeology is a branch of science that deals with the study of groundwater. When it comes to groundwater, it is one of the most important natural resources available on this planet. Around 40 per cent of the nation’s public is using groundwater as a water supply. This groundwater has made up the majority of people that are using it for domestic purposes, irrigation, as well as drinking water. The groundwater contributes to most of the streams and rivers that are flowing through the nation. Hydrogeology deals with the study of these waters and exploring different aspects of the movement of this groundwater. Hydrogeology plays a vital role in protecting the groundwater as humankind is polluting the groundwater, and it is becoming one of the greatest concerns to protect the groundwater.

CONCLUSION:

Hydrogeology is a branch of science that deals with the study of groundwater and its properties. Hydrogeology also concerns the laws that govern the flow and the movement of these water which are percolating under the soil. It plays a great role in the scientific field, which includes the determination of catchment area, behaviour of aquifers, designing of various hydrological structures, etc. Based on determining and exploring the properties of the groundwater, hydrogeology is categorised into two groups, physical hydrogeology and chemical hydrogeology. However, groundwater, which is an important natural source, is getting affected due to the pollution created by humankind.