Biogeography

Introduction

The term biogeography defines the geographic study of plant and animal distribution in the earth. Not only plants and animals, it basically incorporates each form of life in the umbrella term. As a matter of fact, the perceived corrugation of the term works with both covering habitation patterns along with distribution factors associated with each habitation. In other words, there are different significant factors associated with the development of each distinguished habitation, those are associated with the biogeography. 

Discussion

Outline of biogeography

Biogeography related studies concentrate on dividing the Earth’s surface into islands and continents primarily. Not only that, it also exhibits in dividing the surface into different regions with varying disparity in the context of average conformation of enriched flora and fauna. Along with the confirmation, it is can be thought that there is a connection of contemporary distribution marking of both the plant as well as animal species, in terms of reflecting concentration on dissimilar biogeographic regions. These are the repercussions of numerous historical as well as contemporary causes. This foundation incorporates current climatic as well as geographical conditions along with the geological antiquity of the varying landmasses depending on the climatic condition to be an equal part of the biological and geographical evolution. It advances the taxon evolution along with the exhibiting interest of species development in the landmasses. It has been identified that the actual outlay of scattering, the unified resilience in terms of persuading environmental conditions, along with the era of the specific taxa induces significant implication on the development pattern. It relies on the periodical disparity and development status of the taxa in terms of studying the dimension of distribution.

Ecological and Historical determination associated with biogeography

Under the expository exposure of biogeography, certain distinct factors can be observed that shape out a given distribution of assertive species. There are some cases that reflect the actual distribution of species in terms of limiting it to a consecutive factor that is associated with the core adaptation for living on the basis of certain environments. One example can be given with the condition of tropical delphinids, that are not able to grow or live on the higher latitudes range as those are associated with limitations. It has been observed that they lack the abilities of thermoregulating in glacial water or unable to hunt for food in unalike habitats. However, competition can be considered as a great factor for developing habitat and biogeographic conditions. It has been observed that the range of these distributions can be found that the West Indian manatee can live in both coastal as well as riverine habitats, although there is highly no chance of this habitat not to be developed in Amazon River. On the other hand, the water habitat of the Amazon River helps in growing Amazon manatee, which is a different species of West Indian Manatee. Therefore, the study develops the correlative factors associated with the parapatry conditions of both the species.  

Reason of biogeographical dispersal

The separating potentiality of the concerned organisms may partially elucidate the reason behind the occurrence of certain species in some specific areas which may not occur in other areas. Specifically, this could be linked to the obliterate ecological requirements, in terms of dispersing to the region of North Atlantic that would be credible if the North Pacific species habitat fluctuate far enough for the animals in terms of dispersing across the habitat of northern North America or the extended habitat of Eurasia by virtue of the Arctic Ocean. 

The consecutive transition in the aspects of environment can impose dramatic domination on the contexts of species distributions. It can be seen that the causes like global cooling or the cold frontier currents flow in the contexts of ocean basins elongate farther towards the equator.

Examples of biogeography

The two subspecies associated with the Indian subsystem, named as Indian River dolphin or (Platanista gangetica) can be found in two diverse river systems, which are the Indus River system and the Ganges–Brahmaputra River systems. However, both the species are not disconnected, as the rivers share the history of flowing together, the habitat has been developed in that era. 

One concerned example can be given with the condition that influences the lacking condition of otariids when it comes to the North Atlantic region, it is specifically not suitable in terms of lacking the befitting habitat. However, the consecutive factors causing the inability of the species in terms of mingling with each other in the North Pacific and South Atlantic regions cannot be overlooked due to the dissimilar habitat influence.

The splitting of Pangea, is a typical example of biogeography, when there is a significant change in the habitat and the requirements of living for the plants and animals. 

Conclusion

Taking everything into account, it can be stated that the distribution of different organisms depending on the suitability of the habitat, biogeography employs consecutive influence on the study of animal and plant habitat. With different demands and requirements of the organisms, different species share and adhere to diverse distributions and collections for being alive. In this aspect, biogeography helps in providing similar requirements from the ecology to the species. With the consideration of the history of the biogeography, biologists outline the historical viewpoint in terms of underlying the evolution markings of the species living in previous time and also the modern species of animals and plants.