Chemical Thermodynamics

What is Chemical Thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics is the branch of science that deals with changes in the heat or temperature during chemical reactions. The main goal of the thermodynamic reaction is heat exchange between the system and its surroundings. In thermodynamics, the system is the part of the universe and the surroundings are the rest of the universe that interacts with the system. 

What Are The Four Laws Of Thermodynamics?

The four major laws of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics are mentioned below:

• Zeroth Law

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are in equilibrium with the third system the two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. 

• First Law of Thermodynamics 

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can be converted from one form to another due to several interactions between internal energy, work and heat. Additionally, the law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed under any conditions. 

• Second Law of Thermodynamics 

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the universe is an isolated system that will increase with time. 

Additionally, the second law of thermodynamics also says that the change in entropy in the universe can never be negative. 

• Third Law of Thermodynamics 

The third law of thermodynamics allows us to state the absolute amplitude of entropies. The law says that if we are considering a perfect crystalline structure at absolute zero it will have no entropy. 

Note: if the structure is not completely crystalline then a small disorder in space will not state that it had no entropy. 

What are the branches of thermodynamics?

There are many branches that are included in thermodynamics. They are mentioned below:

• Classical thermodynamics 

Classical thermodynamics is the branch that deals with the states of the thermodynamic systems that use measurable and macroscopic properties. It is used to deal with energy, work and heat-based laws of thermodynamics. 

• Statistical thermodynamics 

Statistical thermodynamics deals with the atoms and molecular theories. Additionally is related to the classical thermodynamics and interpretation of the microscopic interactions between individual particles or quantum mechanical states. 

• Chemical Thermodynamics 

Chemical thermodynamics deals with the interrelation of energy with chemical reactions or physical change of state within the laws of thermodynamics. The main objective of chemical thermodynamics is to determine the spontaneity of a given transformation. 

• Equilibrium thermodynamics 

Equilibrium thermodynamics is the study that deals with the transfer of matter and energy in bodies in their surroundings that can be taken from one state of the thermodynamic equilibrium to another. The thermodynamic equilibrium states balance in which all the properties are zero. The main aim of equilibrium thermodynamics is to give an initial ideal situation. 

• Non equilibrium thermodynamics 

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics states the properties of those agents that are not in the state of equilibrium. 

What is biological thermodynamics?

Biological thermodynamics is the study that deals with the energy transfer that happens between living organisms, cells and structures and the function of the chemical reactions that happen during the process. 

Conclusion:

The Chemical Thermodynamics can be well understood from the above mentioned information. Students preparing for CSIR exam can find it simple to refer.