Hierarchy of Courts

The Justice system plays a pivotal role in managing fairness in the country. It can also be said that in India the judicial system acts as a guardian for the constitution of India. There are specific categories within which the courts get divided. This division helps in addressing the various concerns of people at various levels. These categories include the top court which is called the Supreme Court, the middle court that is known as High Court and lastly the lower court called District Court.

Hierarchy of Courts

India is a huge country with a large population. The Indian Judiciary system is developed such that all the individuals can conveniently take its benefits. Here, we will describe the hierarchy of courts in detail along with their roles and responsibilities.

1. Supreme Court of India

The highest level of court in the Indian judicial system is the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court began its work on 28th January 1950.Currently  It comprises thirty two judges along with the Chief Justice. This court is governed by the rules that were published in the year 1966 – Supreme Court Rules.

2. High Court of India

These are the second Courts of significance in the country. The regional juridical system of the Country is taken care of by the 24 high courts. The oldest high court in India is the Kolkata High Court.

3. District Courts

They can also be called lower courts. In district courts, their jurisdiction is confined to the extent of its territory. The state government is the one that mainly appoints the judges in the district court. The subordinate courts which cover cases such as civil cases can be referred to as Junior Civil Judge Court, Principal Junior and Senior Civil Judge Court, and can also be called Sub Courts, Subordinate Courts.

The powers of the District Court include hearing about criminal offences, cases related to domestic issues and civil offences. Further, in case of any criminal case, the District Judge can even give a penalty such as capital punishment. 

Hierarchy of Civil and Criminal Courts in India

Civil Courts

The kind of courts which are concerned with those cases which are committed opposing a private individual rather than the whole state are known as civil courts. Wrongs such as breach of contract, tort etcetera come under Civil wrongs. These courts are mainly concerned with offences committed within a particular territory.

Criminal Court

Those wrongs that are mainly opposing the society as a whole and not just against a victim are addressed in Criminal Courts. These courts are basically concerned with those criminal matters which are a crime against the State. The Criminal Procedure Code can be used for becoming aware of the procedure of conducting trials in a criminal court. 

Conclusion

As observed from above, the hierarchy of courts in India has now become clear along with learning about the various levels of courts. It can be said that the Supreme Court is the highest level of court in India which is followed by the High Court and then comes the District Court. Each level has its own roles and responsibilities in maintaining justice amongst the population. We also learnt about Civil Courts and Criminal Courts, their key responsibilities and functions. It can be concluded that a justice system plays a notable role in maintaining fairness and helps in learning about ‘right’ and ‘wrong’.