What are data communication systems?

Data communication

Hardware that can exchange information between two devices is a communications device in the broader sense. As a piece of communications equipment, the modem connects two computers to one other and allows for the transmission and reception of data through a communications channel.

What are Data communication Systems?

Communication system modelling refers to the system modelling of communication exchange between two stations, the transmitter and the receiver (also known as communication system modelling). Signals and data go along a channel to move from one location to another. The process by which a signal travels from its point of origin to its point of destination is referred to as signalling. A communication system’s signal transmission begins with signal representation and progresses via signal shaping and encoding to modulation through modulation processing. Once it is ready for broadcast, it is sent to the channel’s transmission line. Signals are subjected to various degradations along their journey over this medium, including noise, attenuation, and distortion.

Types of Communication Systems: Data communication

Communication modes are categorised as follows:

Point to point: The transmission of information from one location to another is known as point-to-point communication (P2P). When a single transmitter and receiver communicate, this is called asynchronous communication.

Broadcast: Although a single transmitter provides the information, many receivers are broadcast. Television and radio are both broadcast methods of communication systems.

Components of Communication system

Bandwidth

The bandwidth is the difference between the higher and lower frequencies in a continuous range of frequencies. It is usually expressed as a frequency in hertz (Hz).

In addition to speech and music, image and computer data can be used as communication signals. Each of these signals has a varied range of frequencies transmitted over a communication system. The communication systems required for a specific signal are determined by the range of frequencies considered vital for the communication process to occur.

Information

A piece of information is an idea or message that is being transmitted. If there are many communications, they are referred to as a chain of messages. The message can take the form of a symbol, a code, a set of words, or any other predetermined unit of information or communication.

Signal

It is information transferred to electrical form for communication. Analog or digital signals. Analog signals are constant voltage or current fluctuations. They are time functions with only one value. The sine wave is an analogue signal. Any other analogue signal may be regarded as a sine wave. TV uses analogue sound and image transmissions. Digital signals can only take discrete steps.

Transducer

It is a device that transforms one type of energy into a different kind of energy. In electronic communication systems, it is common to come across devices that have either their inputs or outputs in the form of electricity. When it comes to electrical transducers, they may be described as devices that transform some physical variable (such as pressure or displacement) into equivalent changes in an electrical signal at their output. Microphones, tape heads, photocells, LEDs, and so on are examples of electronic components.

Amplifier

An amplifier is an electrical circuit or device that boosts the amplitude or the intensity of a conveyed signal. When the signal intensity falls below the desired level, amplification can be performed anywhere along the path between the transmitter and the receiver. A direct current power source will power the amplification.

Modulation

A low-frequency message/information transmission cannot be transferred across long distances because of the nature of the original signal. Because of this, during transmission, the information contained in the low-frequency message signal is overlaid on a high-frequency wave that serves as a carrier of the data. Modulation, a term that refers to this procedure AM, FM, and PM, are the abbreviations for several forms of modulation.

Modulator

For various reasons, the original message signal cannot be sent over a long distance and must be overlaid with a wave of high frequency and amplitude known as the carrier wave instead. Modulation is a term used to describe the phenomena of a message signal superimposed over a carrier wave. And the resulting wave is a modulated wave intended to be communicated to the recipient.

Modulation comes in a variety of forms once more.

• Amplitude Modulation (AM)

In amplitude modulation, the signal wave is changed by impressing or superimposing it over a high-frequency carrier wave while maintaining its frequency constant.

• Frequency Modulation (FM)

A frequency modulation technique changes the frequency of a message signal sent across a wire by modulating with a carrier wave. Because it reduces noise from various sources, it is superior to amplitude modulation.

• Phase Modulation (PM)

The carrier wave phase affects the phase of the signal wave, as seen in Figure 1. It also relies on the carrier wave’s frequency to determine how much phase shift occurs after modulation. In general, phase-modulated locks are more resistant to noise than other types of waves.

Antenna

Antennas are buildings or equipment that can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves, depending on their function. As a result, they may be found in a wide range of devices, including both transmitters and receivers. An antenna is nothing more than a metal object, usually a jumble of wires. Depending on where the antenna is located, electromagnetic waves may be polarised.

Channel

Transmission of an electrical signal takes place via a physical medium, such as a wire, cable, or channel area. A variety of channel impairments may dramatically impact the performance of a channel. Noise, attenuation, and distortion are towards the top of the list of the most serious issues.

Noise

Signals arrive at their destination with one of the channel defects or impairments. Both indoors and outdoors are host to a variety of distracting noises. Examples of external noise sources include cross talk, interference from natural sources like lightning, solar or cosmic radiation, automobile produced radiation, and so on. External noise may be minimised or even eliminated with the right channel layout and cable shielding. In addition, digital transmissions may greatly minimise external noise.

Attenuation

Medium attenuation is a problem that arises due to the medium itself while transmitting a certain signal. The signal’s initial intensity decreases as it goes further, depending on the length of the medium. Attenuation may be reduced by raising signal power using amplifiers since the medium size is equal to the beginning power loss. When it comes to attenuation, digital transmissions are much less sensitive to this problem than analogue signals are.

Conclusion: Data communication

The message may be conveyed by voice, computer data, or a picture. Each signal has its own unique set of frequencies; therefore, they can’t all be compared. The range of frequencies necessary for the communication process dictates the communication system used. Various kinds of communication systems and signal bandwidth are discussed in detail on this page.

It’s the exchange of information between two people. Almost constantly, every living thing on the globe must communicate or receive information from others in its surrounding habitat.

This chapter aims to explain the fundamentals of communication, such as the importance of modulation, the creation and derivation of amplitude modulation, and the communication technique.