Electromagnetic Waves EM Spectrum

Electromagnetic spectrum can be quantified using energy, frequency, or density—unit of frequency in Hertz (cycle can be divided per second). The height determines the length of a wave. Electron volts are the units of measurement for energy. Each of those dimensions for describing Photons is mathematically related to the others.

Wavelengths or frequency distribution are commonly used by cosmologists who study electromagnetic waves. Most of the radio portion of the spectrum appears to have fallen in the frequency range of 30 gigahertz (GHz) to 300 kilohertz (kHz). The radio frequency spectrum encompasses a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

• The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum encompasses all types of infrared energy. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range and spreads out after it goes, such as radiant energy from a light source in your home and electromagnetic radiation out of a radio.
• Infrared and photonic astronomers commonly use wavelength. Infrared astronomers measure wavelengths in microns (millionths of a metre), so their portion of the electromagnetic spectrum falls between 1 and 100 microns. Angstroms (0.00000001 cm, or 10-8 cm) and nanometres are both used by optical astronomers (0.0000001 cm, or 10-7 cm).
• When measured in nanometres, Violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red light have wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nanometres. (Because this range is only a small part of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, the light we see is only a minute proportion of all the electromagnetic radiation around us.)
• The types of radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum’s ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray regions are minimal. Therefore, astronomers who study these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum instead of using electromagnetic waves usually refer to their energies, which are analysed in electron volts (eV).
• The wavelength of ultraviolet radiation ranges from a few watts per square metre to about 100 eV. X-ray photons have energies ranging from 100 to 100,000 eV. (or 100 keV). The photons with direct emissions than 100 keV are referred to as gamma-rays.
• Electromagnetic radiation is classified by analysing the pattern or, more accurately, their photon = c/f. The range of frequency of radiant energy is 400 nm to 700 nm. Violet wavelength and intensity of 400 nanometers (nm) and a probability of 7.5×1014 Hertz. The photon of red light is 700 nm, and its frequency is 4.3×1014 Hz.

Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelengths

Photon energy is only a small part of the entire electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths. For example, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and radiation are magnetic fields with a long wavelength and frequency range. On the other hand, infrared light, electrical appliances, and broadcast media waves are radio energy with absorption edge and short wavelength.

Problem: Two electromagnetic frequencies, 900 and 2560 MHz are permitted in microwave ovens. Determine the wavelength of each.

Solution:

For all electromagnetic waves in free space, f = c/λ.

λ = c/f.

For f= 900 MHz

 λ = 3×108/(900×106) = 0.333 m,

For f = 2560 MHz

 λ = 3×108/(2560×106)=0.117 m.

Problem: In space, distances are frequently quoted in light-years, which light travels in one year.

1. a) What is the length of a light-year in metres?
2. b) Given that Andromeda, the nearest large galaxy, is 2.54×106 light-years away, how far is Andromeda?
3. c) The farthest galaxy discovered so far is 12×109 light-years away. What is the distance in metres?

Reasoning: All electromagnetic waves in free space have a speed of c.

Calculation specifics:

9. a) 1 light year (ly) = distance travelled by light in one year = (3×108 m/s) ×(365×24×3600 s) = 9.46×1015
10. b) The distance from Earth to Andromeda is calculated as 2.54×106 ly × 9.46×1015 m/ly = 2.4×1022
11. c) This galaxy is 12×109 ly × 9.46×1015 m/ly = 1.14×1026 m away.

Spectroscopy:

The linear acceleration of particles with radiative heat changes almost constantly. The particles speed up with the force radiation absorbed, proportional to the velocity. Velocity and pressure change rates result in more significant frequency (shorter wavelength) cosmic rays. The Planck Radiation Law is used to describe the observed frequency of thermal rays produced as a measure of dispersion.

As a result, a line spectrum reflects the frequency range, which is not persistent but consists of a set of photoluminescence. Only light with such a finite range of the electromagnetic spectrum is obtained. This set characterises the elementary particles that delivered it and could distinguish those elementary particles and their surroundings.

Microwaves, ultraviolet light, infrared rays, X-rays, and gamma-rays are all types of infrared energy that make up the radio wave.

7 Types of Electromagnetic Waves from Lowest to Highest Frequency

The electromagnetic spectrum is depicted with commonly associated sources ranging from the lowest (at the top) to the highest power wavelength (at the bottom).

1) Radio: Your radio picks up radio waves emitted by radio stations and transmits them to you, allowing you to listen to your favourite music. Stars and particles in space also discharge radio waves.

2) Microwave: Microwave radiation not only cooks’ popcorn in a matter of minutes but is also deployed by astronomers to learn well about the structure of surrounding galaxies.

3) Infrared: Goggles detect infrared light generated by our bodies and hot things. In space, thermal radiation aids in the mapping of dust between stars.

4) Visible light: It is detected by our eyes. Pyrophorus noctiluca, light bulbs, and stars are causes of the emission of visible light.

5) Ultraviolet: The Sun emits ultraviolet light, which causes the skin to brown and burns “hot” objects in space and also emits UV radiation.

6) Dentists use x-rays to scan your teeth, and airline security uses them to search your luggage. Hot gases in the Universe release X-rays as well.

7) Gamma-ray: Gamma-ray imaging is used by doctors to view the human body. The Multiverse is the most powerful gamma-ray emitter of all.

Conclusion

Most of the electromagnetic spectrum from space seems unable to reach the Earth’s surface. However, electromagnetic fields, visible light, and a small amount of ultraviolet radiation reach sea level. Astronomers can see some ultraviolet wavelengths by mounting equipment on mountain ranges. Rocket missions can carry equipment above the inner solar system, but only for seconds before returning to Earth.