Migration – International and National

Migration means the movement of population from one place to another in search of better opportunities, upgraded lifestyles, and resources. The intention of migration depends on the purpose behind moving to another area. Either long-term or short-term migration is a cause of migration. The types of migration are divided into two types:

• International migration

Moving across borders from one country to another is international migration. It requires visa permission which gets issued after examining the reason behind migration. 

• National migration

Moving from one state to another within a country is called National migration. This migration involves no visa permission or anything. A citizen can move easily without asking for permission. 

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF MIGRATION ?

Migration is moving from one territory to another for better conditions of resources. When individuals assume it’s difficult to adjust to the current factors of a geographical area, they tend to move. Many vary to people, but they are the sole cause of migration. The four factors which are the root cause of migration are:

• Environment 

Overpopulation is causing water, air and land pollution in several ways. Destruction due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, storms, heavy rain, etc., are forcing people to migrate to areas with better weather conditions.

These factors affect livelihood indirectly and result in food scarcity and unpredictable jobs. 

• Safety

The basic needs of an individual include safety coverage for their family. If a state records a high crime rate, the situation of war, people being judged for their race, colour and sex is a cause for migration. To feel safe from war or exploitation, the population migrates to safe areas. Sometimes, the migration is national or international, depending on the financial status of migrants.

• Government

The most common cause of migration is non-friendly government policies or economic conditions. The root factor of a poor economy is fewer job opportunities & lesser wages. Minor level migration gets settled in movement from rural to urban areas. 

Those who level up their living standard and income bar move to wealthy countries via international migration.

• Society

In some cases, society motivates them to migrate for a better lifestyle. The growth mindset surrounding me always pushes me to take a step forward. An individual seeks to upgrade job possibilities or better educational institutions. On the other hand, a family finds better schooling opportunities for kids, a stronger salary package to afford a new lifestyle, a new environment, quick healthcare services, etc. Needs may differ from individual to family.

What Are The Types Of International Migration?

International migration is expected from the rich section of society, as it includes various processes to become eligible. There is a list of items that need to be qualified before moving temporarily or permanently. Economic, society, safety, government policies, family reunion, and environment lead to international migration.

International migration is not limited is has different types listed below:

• Family members
• Refugees
• Temporary labourers
• Low-skilled migrants
• High-skilled business migrants
• Displaced people.
• Students.
• Illegal or unrecorded migrants.

These are basic types of international immigration, the variation ranges every day, and international migration is treated as a luxury symbol.

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Migration?

Discussing migration and automatically debate starts on the pros and cons of migration. As a citizen, he uses the resources of one country & migrates to another country. Eventually, a citizen will contribute to the growth of the international country; somehow, it affects the home country. Here are some pros and cons of migration for migrants:-

Pros

• Economic growth is boosted
• Plenty of resources for development.
• Exposure to new opportunities and culture.

Cons

• Decreased new opportunities.
• Lesser exposure to the world economy.
• Society and security didn’t improve.

Factors of migration are mentioned above, and they lead to movement. Extra pressure and overpopulation against limited resources are huge factors of migration. Reasons for migration differ from person to person. Following are some causes of migration:-

REASONS FOR MIGRATION –

• Climate & weather conditions
• Geographical reasons
• Economic reasons
• Society and religious barriers
• Overcrowding
• War situations
• Non-favourable government policies
• Underdeveloped technology
• Stagnant countries growth rate
• Political tension

Directly or indirectly, these factors affect & result in inching growth.

Conclusion 

The meaning of migration has developed over time. The major form of migration, national and international, has different factors. Factors such as favourable government policies, economic growth, social development, and safe surroundings are the causes of migration. International migration is scaling in large order as studying and settling abroad is the new evolution in human development. However, migration may be advantageous for some countries and not for others.