Nomenclature Common Names

The organic compound nomenclature name refers to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry’s recommended nomenclature for organic compounds. The vast number of new chemical compounds found necessitated a systematic approach to nomenclature. Chemistry does not always follow IUPAC nomenclature name guidelines, however, as certain compounds have exceedingly long and cumbersome names according to the IUPAC nomenclature criteria. These chemicals have more palatable names.

IUPAC  Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature for organic compounds is recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in Organic Chemistry Nomenclature. Organic compounds should all have a name that can be used to construct a structural formula, which is the ideal scenario. Inorganic chemistry uses the IUPAC nomenclature as well. IUPAC’s formal recommendations for naming a compound are not always followed in reality if you want to avoid long and laborious names in everyday communication. For example, ethanol is a shorter name for the same chemical molecule than ethyl alcohol. It can be more difficult to grasp molecules with basic structures if they have names that have to be memorised or filtered through. Comparatively, the common or trivial name is usually considerably shorter, simpler, and hence favoured. Names that are not part of a system often have a compound initial. Because long names are difficult to recall, structural formulas may be easier to memorise than long names.

Common Names of  Organic Compounds 

Common names of Organic Compounds uses the older names for some organic compounds instead of using the prefixes for the carbon skeleton above. Organic compound names under the Trivial Nomenclature system are given non-systematic handling. There are no formal standards for writing compound trivial names. The names of organic compounds are simplified using this technique. Toluene, phenol, and acetic acid are just a few examples of this type of chemical.

A compound’s IUPAC nomenclature name can be far more complex than its trivial nomenclature. These factors make the system remain relevant in today’s society.

Compounds nomenclature names are easy to come up with, as seen by the following example: Tartaric acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely present in tamarind, according to the trivial system. Tartaric acid’s IUPAC nomenclature name is 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid.

Drawbacks of the Trivial Nomenclature System

A few shortcomings of the trivial system for naming organic compounds are listed below.

• It is possible for a single chemical to have numerous meaningless names. These other names for phenol, such as hydroxybenzene and carbolic acid, are great examples of this notion in practice.
• The Trivial nomenclature method can only be used to name a small number of compounds in each class. Several examples of this can be found, such as formic and acetic acids, the first two carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids with more atoms have no simple names.
• To name a complex compound in the trivial system, there are no rules.

Scope of Nomenclature for Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are those that have carbon as their major constituent. Carbon is often connected with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, three of the most common functional groups. Other elements, such as sulphur and halogens, complete the organic compound’s fundamental structure. Substitutive nomenclature was initially used for compounds having this particular collection of atoms. Groups 14, 15, 16, 17, and 13 to boron could adopt this naming due to the popularity of this system.

IUPAC Nomenclature

According to the Guidelines set by IUPAC, the nomenclature of organic compounds must follow these steps:

1.  Stems That Indicate the Number of Carbon Atoms or prefix in Organic Molecules.

Stem                                                         Number

meth-                                                             1

eth-                                                                2

prop-                                                             3

but-                                                               4

pent-                                                             5

hex-                                                               6

hept-                                                             7

oct-                                                               8

non-                                                              9

dec-                                                             10

2.It should have a high number of active group support suppliers. By suffix, it is defined that the active parent group should have a suffix, unlike halogen substituents. If there is more than one active team, the one with the most advanced team should be used.
3.For the longest chain rule to be valid, a naming protocol for the parent hydrocarbon must be followed: The longest parent chains for the chemical in question are usually straight carbon chains or chains of different forms.

4.Starting with the carbon atom with the lowest number in the parent hydrocarbon chain, locating locants in the bottom tier requires assigning natural numbers to the carbon atoms.

5.Similar-sounding replacements: There are prefixes for organic compounds that denote the number of times the same substituent is present.

6.Multiple substituent organic compounds are alphabetized according to IUPAC nomenclature by the names of their respective substituents.

7.Substituents that share the same location but have various names: alphabetical order is used where two separate substituent groups share the same location in an organic molecule.

8.This means that complex substituents must be called substituted alkyl groups, and the carbon connected to them must be counted as one. They must be included in the nomenclature of the relevant compounds, as they are complicated and branching.

Conclusion

An effective nomenclature name scheme accomplishes at least two goals. Those are: One of the most important things to include is information about the specific latticework of chains and rings used to connect the carbon atoms in the compound under consideration. In the second step, it should identify and locate any functional groups in the compound. In most cases, the tetravalency of carbon can be used to determine the amount and location of hydrogen in organic compounds.

Organic chemists developed and use the IUPAC nomenclature system to avoid problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature names. When given a structural formula and these rules, it should be possible to come up with a name for each compound. If you know the IUPAC name, you should be able to write the structural formula.