Periodic and Oscillations Motion

Periodic motion is defined as a motion that repeats itself. The term “simple harmonic motion” refers to a certain type of periodic motion. Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion that is very useful (SHM). A mass linked to spring is our SHM prototype. The amplitude is the largest displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position. On one side, it moves as far as it does on the other. Vibrations are mechanical oscillations and collective oscillations. When a particle vibrates, it oscillates between two positions around its centre. 

The movement of spring is similar to that of an oscillator. The oscillating movement is caused by the spring repeatedly moving downward and upward. When two or more oscillating systems are connected so that motion energy can be exchanged between them, coupled oscillations occur. Coupled oscillators can be found in nature (for example, the moon and the earth orbiting each other) or man-made systems. The period T is the length of time between oscillations. The frequency f is the number of oscillations per unit of time.

An object’s moment of inertia is a calculated value for a stiff body revolving around a fixed axis. The axis may be internal or external, and it may or may not be fixed. However, the moment of inertia (I) is always expressed in terms of that axis. The moment of inertia is determined by spreading mass around the rotational axis. The MOI varies based on which axis is selected. The same item may have different values related to the moment of inertia, depending on the rotation axis’s place and direction. The moment of inertia is also known as the angular mass or rotational inertia.

The SI unit of moment of inertia is kg m2. 

Forces that cause periodic motion: 

Newton’s Law of Inertia asserts that unless acted upon by an external force, an object in motion will move continuously in the straight line at a constant velocity. However, if an external force is applied, it can change the pattern of the moving object in various ways. Back-and-forth motion and Circular motion are two common examples.

Orbital Motion or Circular: 

If you swing the object on a thread or the rope around your body, it starts to move in a periodic pattern. The force you’re exerting on the string is the force that prevents the object from flying out in the straight line. Similarly, when a planet orbits the Sun, gravity is responsible for keeping the planet in a regular orbit around the Sun and prevents it from shooting out in space.

However, a spinning ball is exceptional in this scenario since the force is not readily apparent. Every atom on the ball wishes to go in a straight line. However, the ball’s inherent molecular forces cause it to continue spinning in a periodic pattern.

Examples:

A bouncing ball, pendulum, and spring are some examples of forces that cause back-and-forth motion.

A ball that bounces:

The gravity force drags the rubber ball back down to the earth if thrown upward. When it collides with the ground, the contact force shifts the ball’s velocity upward, causing it to bounce up and down in a periodic or a regular pattern. A super-ball or a good rubber ball will bounce for an extended period. Due to internal friction and air resistance, the ball loses its ability to bounce each time until it does not stop. Without friction, a ball would bounce indefinitely.

Spring:

Applying force to a spring causes it to compress the entire metal. Inside the metal, molecular forces push inside the opposite way, which causes the spring to expand. After that, the spring oscillates back and forth in a regular pattern. 

Periodic Motion Characteristics: 

The velocity of the object, the period of motion, and the amplitude of the motion are all characteristics of periodic motion. Periodic motion can be seen in a variety of waveforms and is commonly employed in clocks and other electronic equipment. A period is a time taken by a particle in periodic motion to pass a specific point from a specific direction at regular intervals. A periodic motion might follow a circular, elliptical, linear, or more complicated path.

Application of periodic Motion: 

The periodic motion characteristics are used in a variety of devices. The most popular device is a clock. Also, we can consider using the knowledge that the motion is periodic for predicting the future, such as when creating a calendar using the periodic motion of the Earth.

Another use of periodic motion knowledge is in the wave motion study, including sound, music, and light.

Conclusion:

With this, we come to an end to the topic of periodic and oscillatory motions. The periodic motion refers to the motion that repeats itself continuously until it stops. According to the law of inertia, the object moves in a straight line until an outside force is applied. Common characteristics of periodic motion include the period of motion, velocity, and amplitude of motion. 

Many types of LC oscillations turn out to be helpful in radio frequency circuits. Periodic motion is an oscillation that occurs regularly. The earth’s motion is periodic, not simply harmonic.