System of Naming Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

Alkyl halides are named in 2 different ways,

They are as follows…

• Common system
• IUPAC system

In the common naming system the group that contains alkyl (i.e alkyl group) is usually followed by appropriate words like bromide,chloride,etc. In this naming system the alkyl halide is written with the help of two separate words.

In the IUPAC naming system these alkyl halides are commonly called the haloalkanes.

The various other different rules that are used in the naming compounds are…

1. The longest chain of the carbon atoms that contains the halogen atom must be selected.
2. Chain must be numbered as per the minimum number of carbon carrying halogen atoms.
3. If more than one bond is present i.e double or triple bonds ( multiple bonds ),then it must be given the preference in numbering the carbon chain.

The IUPAC name of any halogen derivative must be always written as in a single word.

Nomenclature of Haloarenes

Haloarenes are commonly known as aryl halides.

The prefix “halo” is usually used in aryl halides in naming the parent aromatic hydrocarbon.

The shown relative positions are indicated by the mathematical number if more than. One substituent is present on the ring.

In common systems prefixes ortho, para or meta are used in relative positions where two groups are shown.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature is known as a system that helps for giving names to things within various particular professions and/or fields.

Rules of Nomenclature

The various step-by-step rules that are included for Nomenclature are given as follows:

Step 1: Search for the largest carbon chain of the given compound

Step 2: Numbering must be done such that the halogen atom to which carbon atom is attached must get the lowest number.

Step 3: Greek numerical prefixes like di, tri, tetra are used to denote the numbers of similar halogen atoms that are attached to carbon atoms.

The numerical is repeated several times if the halogen atom is attached to the carbon atom more than one time.

Step 4: The halogen atoms are named alphabetically if different types of halogen atoms are attached.

Step 5: The position and also the name of halogen atom is written before the name of parent hydrocarbon

Nomenclature of Some Compounds

1.Structure:

              CH₃

                |

CH₃ —    C — CH₂B_r

                |

              CH₃

IUPAC Name of given compound:

1 − Bromo − 2,2 – dimethylpropane

The common name of given compound:

•  neo — Pentylbromide.

2. Structure:

CH2 = CH – CH2Br

IUPAC Name of given compound:

3 — Bromo prop —1— ene. 

Common Name of given compound:

• Allyl Bromide.

IUPAC system of nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is the method that helps to name the organic chemical compounds that is recommended by the [IUPAC] INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY. It is even published in the blue book [ i.e nomenclature of organic chemistry].

Every organic compound has a name that is translated into an unambiguous structural formula and hence,inorganic chemistry has its own IUPAC nomenclature.

IUPAC naming recommendations are not even followed in practice,but they are followed when it is required to give absolute and clear definition to a compound,to avoid confusion.

Sometimes IUPAC  names can be simpler than that of older names.for example: we can write ethanol instead of ethyl alcohol.

The common and tribal name is eventually substantially shorter and clearer,and is preferred.

With the help of IUPAC the non systematic name can be often derived from an original source of compound & hence,even very long names may become less clear as compared to the structural formulas.

Halo Substituted hydrocarbons

The haloalkanes knew as halogens alkanes and alkyl halides) are alkanes containing one and more halogen substituents. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not even made. Haloalkanes are widely used in industry.

They’re used in fire extinguishers, flame retardants, propellants, solvents, refrigerants, and pharmaceuticals and among other applications. Many halocarbons have been proven to be severe pollutants and poisons as a result of their widespread use in industry.

Chlorofluorocarbons, for example, deplete the ozone layer.

Methyl bromide is also called a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes containing bromine, chlorine or iodine are known to be harmful to the ozone layer, although fluorinated volatile haloalkanes have the potential to act as greenhouse gases in theory.

Methyl iodide is one of the naturally occurring substances, however, it does not contain ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has declared the compound a non-ozone layer depletion.

Haloalkane and alkyl halides are the compounds that have the general formula “RX” where R is often an alkyl and substituted alkyl group and X is often a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).

Conclusion

The system of naming haloalkanes and haloarenes basically includes two important things –

1. It must help to indicate that the carbon atoms of a given compound can also be bonded together within a characteristic lattice of chains and even rings.
2. It must help to identify and locate any functional groups that are present within the given compound.

Nomenclature is even known as the system of naming compounds and organisms. Chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The nomenclature is one of the most frequently put to used words that are often worldwide and is the one created and developed by IUPAC  [International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry].