Chemistry of Notable Compounds

The p block elements are those which consist of the elements in which the last electrons enter the p orbital. The elements that come under this block are groups 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. This group of elements has a tendency to show a number of oxidation states considering the electrons of both s and p blocks. Another reason for this wide range of oxidation states is the inert pair effect. Some of these compounds show notable characteristics which do not follow the general trend. The chemical formula of some important compounds from these groups under p block will be explained in this. 

Chemistry of some notable Compounds:

• Aluminum chloride: All Aluminium halides are covalent structures and occur in the vapor state. All aluminum chlorides have a dimeric structure. The reason behind this is, in the case of dimeric structure, each of the aluminum atoms accepts a lone pair of electrons from chlorine ions attached to it to complete its octet. This property provides stability to the structure in normal conditions. 
• Diborane: Borane also occurs in the dimeric structure. In the case of diborane, each B-H-B bond is highly electron deficient. The boron of BH3 shares its electron with the boron of the atom of another boron molecule and forms a two-centered three-electron bond. The chemical formula of some of the important compounds includes the formula of borane as well because of its dimeric structure.
• Borazine: Borazine refers to inorganic benzene. This is named so because the physical property of the compound is quite similar to benzene. Borazine consists of a planar structure of both B and N atoms which are sp2 hybridized. 
• Borax: This is a compound that has a chemical formula of Na2B4O7.10H2O. It can be prepared from Tincal and Colemite. The compound is used mainly in the manufacture of glasses, tiles, and pottery. It is also used in soldering. It is also used in the preparation of medicinal soaps. 
• Boric Acid: It is also known as orthoboric acid and behaves as a weak Lewis acid as it combines with hydroxide ions of water to form hydronium ions.
• Diamond: Some important carbon compounds with different structures are mainly diamond and graphite. Diamond is the hardest crystalline form of Carbon. Each carbon atom in the structure is sp3 hybridized. The structure made it a bad conductor of electricity and heat. It is used for cutting marbles, glass, and granite. It is also used for manufacturing special surgical knives.
• Graphite: It is another allotropic form of carbon. Each carbon is sp2 hybridized. It is formed artificially by providing heat to the mixture of sand and coke. This is also a good conductor of electricity because of its structure. 
• Silicate: In the earth’s crust a huge amount of silicate and aluminosilicates are present. Zeolite is one of those aluminosilicates. This aluminosilicate acts as a shape-selective catalyst as it can accommodate the specific shape of molecules in their pores. These catalysts are used in the petrochemical industry for cracking several hydrocarbons and isomerization.

Conclusion:

Each compound of p-block has different shapes and chemical properties as well. The compounds show different chemical formulas as well as molecular weights which give rise to different chemical properties as well. Some of these compounds show notable characteristics which do not follow the general trend. The chemical formula of some important compounds from these groups under p block will be explained in this. All aluminum chlorides have a dimeric structure. Borane also occurs in the dimeric structure. Diamond is the hardest crystalline form of Carbon.