Tissue System

A shoot system and a root system are two separate organ systems in vascular plants. Stems, leaves, and reproductive components of the plant make up the shoot system (flowers and fruits). 

The shoot system grows mostly above ground, absorbing the light required for photosynthesis. Typically, the root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is underground.

Plant anatomy and physiology are both concerned with the histology of plants. 

Traditional tissue analysis procedures include the paraffin block, in which tissue is placed and then sectioned, histology dye, and the optical microscope. 

The degree of detail that can be observed in tissues has improved thanks to advances in microscopy, 

immunofluorescence, and the use of frozen tissue slices.

Type of tissue

Meristematic Tissues and Permanent Tissues are two types of tissues that can develop further and have cells that continue to divide.

Meristematic tissue

 Meristematic Tissues can be found in various parts of the plant structure. We can divide meristematic tissues into three types according to where they are found:Lateral Meristem: Found in the radial fractions or a root.

•  Intercalary Meristem: it is found at the base or internodes of a leaf structure present in plants and trees.

• Lateral Meristem: it helps a plant develop a thick solid structure.

• Apical Meristem: Found on the tips of growing roots and stems, this meristem aids in the lengthening of a plant.

Permanent tissue

Permanent tissues are tissues that have cells that can no longer disseminate themselves but can still help a plant or tree be protective, strong, and flexible.

 These tissues can be divided into two categories: Simple Permanent Tissue and Complex Permanent Tissue. 

• Sclerenchyma: The tissues contain lignin deposits on their cell walls and are dead and elongated. They’re present in seed coats, nuts, leaf veins, and stem vascular tissues, and they provide plants their strength. There are no intercellular gaps in them. 
• Collenchyma: These tissues are intercellular live cells with minute gaps between their structure and are made up of pectin and cellulose.They’re found on the edges of stems and leaves, and they give plants flexibility by providing a structural framework and mechanical support. 
• Parenchyma : which are polygonal in shape and have a big central vacuole. They are separated by intercellular gaps. They are responsible for the development of a plant’s pith and ground tissue. Their framework consists of the following elements: Chloroplasts, also known as chlorenchyma, assist a plant in photosynthesis. Aerenchyma is made up of large air gaps that give the plant buoyancy. Some cells also serve as plant storage cells, storing starch for the fruits and vegetables.

Complex tissue

Phloem: This tissue is responsible for ensuring that food flows freely throughout the plant. Xylem: This tissue is responsible for ensuring that water and other dissolved substances flow freely throughout the plant.

Protective tissue

Some tissues are present to provide a plant with a foothold. The following are the most well-known defensive tissues: 

• Cork: This tissue is completely dead and serves only to protect the plants; there are no intercellular gaps, and the cell walls are impervious to gas and water molecules.
• Epidermis: The epidermis is the tissue that generates the plant’s outer covering. It assists with water loss and gaseous exchange. 

Meristematic Tissue Properties :

• Meristems is another name for them.
•  The cells in the plant’s tissues are constantly dividing.
•  Their vacuoles are relatively tiny. 
• The cells in the tissues have protoplasm that is extremely thick. 
• These tissues have the ability to cure plant wounds. 
• They don’t keep food on hand. They feature a single big nucleus in the centre.

Properties of permanent tissue

• In the cells, there are no vacuoles. They don’t have the ability to divide. 
• Their cells are appropriately formed and constructed. 
• Their cell wall is thicker in comparison. 
• Their nucleus stands out more. The cytoplasm of these organisms is quite thick. 
• They don’t keep food on hand. Sometimes there are intercellular gaps between the cells.

Key points of meristems

• Meristematic cells continue to bifurcate.
•  Apical, lateral, and intercalary meristematic tissues are the three types of meristematic tissues based on their position.
•  There are two types of permanent tissues: Simple and Complex. 
• Dermal tissues are divided into two types: dermis and cork. 
• The primary role of ground tissue is to provide plants with support, strength, and flexibility. 
• Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are the three forms of ground tissues. 
• Vascular tissues are also known as conducting tissues because they aid in the movement of water and nutrients in plants. 
• The xylem is a tissue that conducts water. Phloem is a type of food-conveying tissue.

Conclusion

A shoot system and a root system are two separate organ systems in vascular plants. Stems, leaves, and reproductive components of the plant make up the shoot system (flowers and fruits). 

A tissue is a collection of cells and extracellular matrix from the same origin that work together to perform a defined function.

The shoot system grows mostly above ground, absorbing the light required for photosynthesis. Typically, the root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is underground.