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Introduction
Cockroaches are insects belonging to the Blattodea order, which also includes termites. Cockroaches are found in nearly every human habitat, with approximately 30 of the 4,600 species present. Some species have been identified as pests. Cockroaches are a generalist bug that does not have any specific adaptations to their environment. They have a chewing mouth region and are possibly one of the most primitive extant Neoptera insects, as evidenced by the fact that they chew their food. They are common, hardy insects that can resist a broad range of environmental conditions, from the extreme cold of the Arctic to the scorching heat of the tropics, without succumbing. Tropical cockroaches are frequently significantly larger than their temperate counterparts.
Evolution
Cockroaches are members of the superorder Dictyoptera, including termites and mantis, and are a group of insects that were once thought to be separate from cockroaches. Currently, 4,600 species and more than 460 genera are listed worldwide. The name “cockroach” comes from the Spanish word cucaracha, which means cockroach, and was translated into “cockroach” and “cockroach” by the English folk etymology of the 1620s. The scientific name is derived from the Latin word “insects that avoid light”, which is a classical Latin word applied not only to cockroaches but also to mantis.
Distribution
Cockroaches are abundant around the world and inhabit a variety of environments, especially the tropics and subtropics. Cockroaches can withstand extreme temperatures and can live in the Arctic Circle. Some species can withstand temperatures as low as -122 ° C (-188 ° F) by making antifreeze from glycerol. In North America, 50 species in five families occur throughout the continent. There are 450 species inhabiting Australia. Only about four species are generally considered pests.
Habitat
Cockroaches occupy a wide variety of habitats. Many live in litter, between frosted vegetation trunks, in rotten trees, stump holes, cavities under the bark, under wood piles, and in debris. Some live in arid areas and have evolved mechanisms to survive without access to water sources. Others are aquatic, live near the surface of the body of water containing the ananas plant Thermata, and dive in search of food. Most of them breathe by piercing the surface of the water with the tip of their abdomen, which acts as a snorkel, but some carry an air sac under the breastplate when submerged.
Body Cavity
A body cavity is the space of an animal’s body that is filled with liquid. Body cavities form between the intestinal tract and the body wall lined with mesoderm cells.
Body Cavity of Cockroach
The cockroach’s body is long, slender, and compressed in the dorsoventral direction. The body is covered with a tough exoskeleton that protects the delicate organs in the cockroach. The body is divided into the head, chest and abdomen.
The cockroach’s torso is made of real kerom. This means that the body contains cavities that exist between the digestive system and the body wall. In cockroaches, cavities are filled with a liquid like blood. This cavity is known as a haemocoel. The cockroach’s vascular system is underdeveloped. Blood vessels do not lead to capillaries, but are in direct contact with tissue. As a result, the circulation speed is reduced. The body cavity, or hemocoil, is divided into three major sinuses by the dorsal and ventral horizontal diaphragms.
Pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart and aorta)
Perivisceral sinus (surrounds various internal organs)
Perineural sinus (surrounding the ventral nerve cord).
Relationship with humans:
In research and education:
Due to its ease of breeding and elasticity, cockroaches have been used as insect models in the laboratory, especially in the fields of neurobiology, reproductive physiology and social behaviour. Cockroaches are large and easy to breed in the laboratory, making them useful insects for research. This makes it suitable not only for research, but also for school and undergraduate biology research.
As Pests
Cockroaches include about 30 species of cockroach related to humans. These species are, in turn, thousands of atypical species. They can eat human and animal food and leave an unpleasant odour. They can passively transport pathogenic microorganisms to the surface of the body, especially in hospital-like environments. Cockroaches are associated with allergic reactions in humans.
Conclusion
Most of us consider cockroaches to be pests, but cockroaches play a useful ecological role. Cockroaches are professional recyclers who eat almost everything, including dead plants, animals, and animal waste.
Their digestive system carries out its mission as it contains bacteria and protozoa that help convert the world’s waste products into digestible nutrients. In the wild, cockroach excrement feeds growing plants and continues the cycle.
