Psychology

Psychology is considered one of the most interesting subjects of the 11th standard. Students should prepare for the subject properly to score good marks in the examination and understand the basics required during the practicals. Below is the detailed syllabus for Psychology mentioned.

Unit 1: What is Psychology?

• Introduction 
• What is psychology?
  • Psychology as a social science 
  • Psychology as a natural science 
  • Psychology as a discipline 

• Understanding mind and behavior
• Evolution of psychology 
• Development of psychology in India 
• Popular notions about the disciplines of psychology 
• Branches of psychology 
• Psychology and other disciplines 
• Psychology in everyday life 

Unit 2: Methods of Enquiry in Psychology 

• Introduction 
• Goals of psychological enquiry 
  • Alternative paradigms of research 
  • Steps in conducting the scientific research 

• Nature of psychological data 
• Some important methods in psychology 
  • Case study 
  • Psychological testing 
  • Survey research 
  • Correlational research 
  • Experimental method 
  • Observational method 

• Analysis of data 
  • Qualitative method 
  • Quantitative method 

• Limitations of psychological enquiry 
• Ethical issues 

Unit 4: Human Development 

• Introduction 
• Meaning of development 
  • Life span perspective on development 

• Factors influencing development 
• Context of development 
• Overview of development stages 
  • Old age 
  • Adulthood
  • Challenges of adolescence 
  • Prenatal stage 
  • Infancy 
  • Childhood

Unit 5: Sensory, Attention and Perceptual Processes 

• Introduction 
• Knowing the world
• Nature and varieties of stimulus 
• Sense modalities 
  • Functional limitations of sense organs 

• Attentional processes
  • Sustained attention 
  • Selective attention 

• Perceptual processes 
  • Processing approaches in perception 

• The perceiver 
• Principles of perceptual organization 
• Perception of space, depth and distance 
  • Binocular cues 
  • Monocular cues 

• Perceptual constancies 
• Illusions 
• Socio cultural influences on perception 

Unit 6: Learning 

• Introduction 
• Nature of Learning 
• Paradigms of Learning 
• Classical Conditioning  
  • Determinants of Classical Conditioning  

• Determinants of Operant Conditioning  
  • Key Learning Processes 

• Observational Learning 
• Cognitive Learning 
• Verbal Learning 
• Skill Learning 
• Factors Facilitating Learning 
• Learning Disabilities

Unit 7: Human Memory 

• Introduction 
• Nature of memory 
• Information Processing Approach : The Stage Model 
• Memory Systems : Sensory, Short-term and Long Term Memories 
• Levels of Processing 
• Types of Long-term Memory  
  • Declarative and Procedural
  • Episodic and Semantic 
• Nature and Causes of Forgetting
• Forgetting due to Trace Decay, Interference and Retrieval Failure 
• Enhancing Memory  
  • Mnemonics using Images and Organization

Unit 8: Thinking 

• Introduction 
• Nature of Thinking  

• Building Blocks of Thought 

• The Processes of Thinking 
• Problem Solving 
• Reasoning 
• Decision-making 
• Nature and Process of Creative 

• Thinking  
• Nature of Creative 
• Process of Creative Thinking 

• Thought and Language 
• Development of Language and Language Use

Unit 9: Motivation and Emotion 

• Introduction
• Nature of Motivation 
• Types of Motives  

• Biological Motives  
• Psychosocial Motives 

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 
• Nature of Emotions 
• Expression of Emotions  

• Culture and Emotional Expression  
• Culture and Emotional Labeling 

• Managing Negative Emotions 
• Enhancing Positive Emotions