Geography

The class 11th students must have the CBSE syllabus to get a clear idea about the chapters and topics included in the course. Below is the compiled Geography curriculum of class 11th as per the latest CBSE guideline for the year 2022-23. 

Part-A Fundamentals of Physical Geography 

Unit 1: Geography as a Discipline 

• Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes

• Branches of geography 

• Physical geography 

• Human geography 

Unit 2: The Earth 

• Origin and evolution of the Earth 

• Distribution of ocean and continents

• Wegener’s continental drift theory and plate tectonics 

• Interior of the earthquakes and volcanoes 

• Causes

• Types 

• Effects 

Unit 3: Landforms 

• Geomorphic processes
  • Weathering 
• Mass wasting 
• Erosion and deposition 
• Soil formation 
• Landforms and their evolution 
  • Brief erosional and depositional features 

Unit 4: Climate 

• Atmosphere – composition, and structure 
• Elements of weather and climate
• Atmospheric circulation and weather systems
  • Pressure -pressure belts 
  • Winds-planetary 
  • Seasonal and local
  • Tropical and extra tropical
  • Air masses and fonts
• Solar Radiation 
  • Insolation angle of incidence and distribution 
• Heat budget of the earth 
  • Heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction and convection, terrestrial radiation and advection)
• Temperature 
  • Factors controlling temperature 
• Distribution of temperature 
  • Horizontal 
  • Vertical 
• Inversion of temperature 
• World climate and global concerns 
• Water in the atmosphere 
  • Precipitation 
  • Evaporation 
• Condensation 
  • Dew
  • Frost
  • Fog
  • Mist
  • Cloud 
• Rail fall 
  • Types and world distribution 

Unit 5: Water ( Oceans) 

• Basics of Oceanography 
• Movements of ocean water
  • Waves 
  • Tides
  • Current 
• Submarine relief 
• Oceans
  • Distribution of temperature and salinity 

Unit 6: Life on the Earth 

• Biosphere 
  • Importance of plants and other organisms 
• Biodiversity and conservation 

(Map work on identification of features based on 1 to 6 units on the outline Physical/Political map of the world)

Part-B India-physical Environment 

Unit 7: Introduction 

• India 
  • Location  
  • space Relations
  • India’s place in the world

Unit 8: Physiography 

• Structure and Relief 
• Physiographic divisions 
•  The Himalayan me the peninsular rivers 
• Drainage systems
  • Concepts of river basins
  • Watershed 

Unit 9: Climate, Vegetation and Soil

• Weather and climate- spatial temporal distribution of temperature 
• Indian monsoon 
  • Wildlife 
• Conservation 
• Biosphere reserves 

Unit 10: Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management

• Droughts
  • Types 
  • Impacts 
• Floods, cloud bursts 
• Earthquakes and Tsunami Cyclone 
  • Features 
  • Impacts 
• Land slides 

Note: Map Work of features based on above units for locating and labeling on the outline Political/Physical map of India 

Part-C Practical work in Geography Part I

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Maps 

• Geo spatial data
• Concepts of geographical data matrix 
• Point, line, area data
• Maps 
  • Types
• scales-types
• construction of simple linear scale, measuring distance
• finding direction and use of symbols
• Map projection- Latitude, longitude and time
• typology, construction and properties of projection: 
  • Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator’s projection (only two projections)

Unit 2: Topographic and Weather Maps 

• Study of topographic maps (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 25,000 Survey of India maps)
• contour cross section and identification of landforms-slopes
• hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs
•  distribution of settlements
• Satellite imageries
• stages in remote sensing data- acquisition
•  platform and sensors and data products, (photographic and digital)