The Theories of Development of The Universe

We are still trying to learn in-depth about our universe, as the journey neither ended with the Big Bang explosion nor did it begin there. A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe and how the world came into existence has been a common question among different civilizations and generations. The curiosity to know how it began is as strong as it used to be thousands of years ago. 

Heaven and Earth

Different civilizations are Mayas, Chinese, Incas, Arabs, Greeks, and Egyptians believed in a supreme power who created everything. They had different beliefs and explanations regarding the shape of the earth. They believed that heaven, hell, and earth were in the middle. For them, the earth was a flat surface and the sky above, and hell under the ground. 

Geocentric model 

Then came the geocentric model. The Greeks proposed that the earth was not flat, somewhat spherical. Different celestial bodies were revolving around the earth in orbit and the presence of stars in the sky. Then came the Heliocentric Model, which explains that there is a Sun at the centre of the universe, and the earth revolves around the sun. The theory also states that stars are fixed at a distance. Many years later, around 2 thousand years, Copernicus set his Heliocentric theory, which was approved post his death.

The Big Bang

The universe consists of everything you can think of: nature, the world, oceans, and even our solar system. 

But how did it all begin? A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe shows that the most sought-after theory is the Big Bang Theory. This theory explains that the universe was born out of a hot and highly dense point that was not more than a few millimetres wide. Around 13.7 billion years ago, this point exploded, which created four significant constituents of the universe: Matter, Energy, Time, and Space. Soon after this explosion came two broadly classified eras that shaped the universe that we see today. The first was the radiation era. It was made of smaller stages like the grand unified, Planck, hadron, electroweak, Inflationary, Quark, nuclear, and lepton. 

Eras and epochs

Together Planck, hadron, electroweak, Inflationary, Quark, nuclear, and lepton were called Epochs which were present for the first few thousand years. At this point, no matter what existed. What existed were just the four forces of nature, mainly gravity, electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear force. This was collectively called super force. 

Then came the matter era. It has dominance and the presence of matter. This consisted of three epochs: galactic, atomic, and stellar, which expanded billions of years. The present-day is also a part of this era. In these various stages came many changes and the origin of different elements, which ultimately became the building blocks of the universe that we see today. Each and everything present here: plants, planets, stars, everything is formed out of those many particles formed in this era.

What do astronomers think?

A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe states that the astronomers in the late 40s suggested that there must be some traces left that could be observed for an answer post the explosion. They explained that since the point of the explosion was so dense and hot, there must have been a tremendous amount of light emitted from it. When this light expanded, the temperature should have dropped too. A similar phenomenon can be seen in microwave radiation with around 5-kelvin temperature.

Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias, two engineers in 1965, found the source of noise that disrupted a test they were conducting. After measuring the radiation, a value of 2.7 kelvin as close to a 0 was found. This value is similar to the radiation value of a cosmic background. This experiment confirmed the Big Bang Theory and earned them a Nobel for their contribution to the world of physics. 

The confirmation of this theory also confirmed the origin of the helium element.

After the confirmation of the Big Bang, A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe, there was another theory that gained the attention of the physics community.

Alan Guth, an American physicist, proposed it. According to him, the theory’s basic idea is that there was a phase of extraordinary expansion that the universe underwent. This was termed the inflationary theory. The theory explains that the universe results from quantum fluctuations during the inflationary period. This theory was backed by proof by John Mather and George Smoot, which earned them a Nobel. 

A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe led to another discovery. There was also evidence of the ‘dark matter,’ which was discovered by Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss astronomer, in 1933. He measured the galaxy cluster’s mass and observed that it was as heavy as 400 times the total sum of individual galaxies in the cluster. After years of research, it was found that in our Milky Way galaxy, by a factor of ten, the dark matter outnumbers the visible matter in the form of gas and stars.

Conclusion

With the advancement of science and technology, more and more new ways and methods are being developed to measure and prove our theories. A Study on the Theories of Development of the Universe has helped us discover these theories until this day: Flat earth theory, geocentric model, heliocentric model, and the Big Bang Theory. With the advancement of science and technology, every other story brought us closer to the answer to how this universe was made. But is this the ultimate answer? Or there are still mysteries that need to be solved, questions that need to be asked, and answers that need to be searched for. We are still far from the answer to “how does it all begin?” until ordinary people entirely understand these cosmic theories.