Composition of Blood, Blood Groups, Coagulation of Blood

Introduction

Blood could be a fluid that transports elements and nutrients to the cells and carries away dioxide and alternative waste merchandise. Blood will be classified each as fluid and tissue, thanks to the presence of a group of specialised cells activity specific functions, it’s a tissue. These cells are a unit suspended in plasma that could be a liquid matrix creating the blood a fluid also.

The circulation of blood is liable for the constancy of its composition, totally different organs regulate the concentration of their parts. within the lungs, the blood acquires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The urinary organ filters the blood by removing excess water and dissolved waste merchandise when absorbed by the epithelial duct, the nutrient substances reach varied tissues via the blood. The endocrine glands unleash their secretions directly into the blood conjointly; the blood also transports these hormones to their several sites.

Types of Blood Cells

We have seen blood comprises cells called shaped parts of blood. These cells have their own functions and roles to play within the body. The blood cells that flow into all round the body area unit as follows:

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

RBCs area unit concavo-concave cells and while not nucleus in humans; conjointly called erythrocytes. RBCs contain the iron-rich supermolecule known as haemoglobin; they provide blood its red color. RBCs are the foremost copious blood cells made in bone marrow. Their main operation is to move elements from and to numerous tissues and organs.

White blood cells (Leucocytes)

Leukocytes are unit colourless blood cells. they’re colourless as a result of it’s destitute of Hb. they’re more classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes. WBCs chiefly contribute to immunity and defense reaction.

Constituents of Blood

Blood is AN opaque red fluid that flows freely throughout the body. It’s denser and more viscous than water. The color characteristic of the blood is imparted by Hb. Once ventilated with blood, it forms oxyhemoglobin that brightens the color of blood. The organic chemistry chart showing the various constituents of human blood is given below. The blood composition chart is as follows-

1. Plasma- The liquid portion of the blood is plasma, that contains quite ninetieth water. Water is important to the existence of each living cell and so the water of the plasma is freely exchangeable with body cells and alternative extracellular fluids that maintains the traditional association state of all the tissues.

2. Blood Cells- Blood cells area unit specialised cells gift within the blood that serve a specific operation. the various forms of Blood cells are-

Red Blood Cells: Red blood cells are a unit primarily liable for the transportation of elements throughout the body tissues. It’s clathrate at intervals, a skinny membrane created from advanced lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in a very extremely organized structure. This membrane is leaky to water, dioxide, aldohexose and carbamide aside from Hb. Hb could be a supermolecule liable for element transport.

White Blood Cells- White blood cells are unit nucleate and severally motile cell structures concerned within the defense reaction and reparative activity. There are 3 forms of WBCs, each distinctive to its structure and performance.

Granulocytes – These have a multilobed nucleus and contain an oversized range of protoplasm granules. These areas unite the vital mediators of inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils area unit 3 forms of granulocytes gift within the body.

Monocytes – These area units are the biggest cells of the blood and area unit capable of ingesting infectious agents. Monocytes are sometimes found at chronic infection sites.

Lymphocytes- These areas unit primarily liable for the response against foreign substances within the body. they’re usually found in bodily fluid nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus and liquid body substance tissues. They enter the circulation through body fluid channels.

Platelets- The blood platelets are a unit among the littlest cells of the body. They lack a nucleus and can’t perform biological processes. The operation of platelets is to stop and manage hemorrhage. The small granules within the platelets contain a very important substance that performs natural action.

Types of Blood Vessels

Three forms of blood vessels are:

• Arteries

• Veins

• Capillaries

Arteries

Arteries are unit sturdy tubes and muscular in nature. These blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood from the center to all or any of the tissues of the body. Arteria is one amongst the most arteries that arise from the center and branches more.

Veins

Veins area unit elastic blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from all elements of the body to the center. AN exception is the point and pulmonic veins. The vein carries ventilated blood to the center from the lungs and vena umbilicalis carries ventilated blood from the placenta to the vertebrate.

Capillaries

On reaching tissues, arteries branch more into extraordinarily skinny tubes known as capillaries. Capillaries motivate the exchange of drugs between blood and tissues.

Sinusoids

Sinusoids area unit a special form of wider capillaries gift in bone marrow, liver, bodily fluid nodes, spleen and a few endocrine glands. they’ll be continuous, discontinuous or fenestrated.

Conclusion

The cellular composition of blood varies in different groups of the animal kingdom. An introduction of blood biochemistry gives us a proper indication of what is happening in our bodies. By studying the enzymes released by damaged cells, the problem can be localised and treated upon.