Model answers for UPSC CSE Mains GS paper 3 - 2017: 10-12
uestion 10: The North-East region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyze the maior reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region Answer: North East is manifested with insurgent groups such as ULFA, NSCN-K which is hampering its participation in India's growth story. Maior reasons for persistence of insurgency are: 1. Administrative- State reorganisation not done on ethnic lines thereby ignoring various tribal identities, poor implementation of 6th schedule and lack of powers to Autonomous District Councils Economical- Lack of employment opportunities, poor investment in this region, high incidence of poverty, poor budgetary allocations compared to rest of india, poor transport connectivity increases isolation and alienation. 2.
3. Political- Lac k of adequate representation from North- east in the parliame nt, poor implementation of PESA Act as seen in recent Nagaland case 4. Security- Support from hostile neighbours like China, porous borders which enables escape of insurgents to Nepal, Bangladesh, protest against AFSPA, Free Movement Regime with Myanmar is being misused to smuggle arms Some solutions 1. Consider Jeevan Reddy committee recommendations on AFSPA Greater thrust to initiatives under Act East Policy to bring economic benefits, 2nd ARC says Governor must play proactive role in implementing 73rd and 74th Amendments in scheduled areas to improve governance. Greater allocation to Ministry of DoNER for development initiatives. 2. 3. 4.
Question 11: One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017-28 is to transform, energise and clean India. Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget to achieve this objective. Answer: The Union Budget 2017-18 seeks to transform the quality of governance, energise various sections of society especially the youth, and clean India of black money, corruption and non-transparent political funding. T'en distinct themes have been formulated to achieve this agenda: Farmers- providing employment and basic infrastructure. Model law on contract farming, increasing coverage under e-NAM, issuing soil health cards Rural population- increased allocations to MGNREGA and PM Gram Sadak Yojana, 100% rural electrification by 2018. 1. 2.
3. Youth- energising them through skills, education and jobs, SWAYAM Innovation Fund for secondary education, Skl India mission, SANKALP, Incredible India 2.0 campaign 4. Poor and underprivileged- strengthening social schemes, healthcare and affordable housing. Elimination of TB by 2025, increased allocations to Maternity Benefit scheme and Mahila shakti kendras, 2 AIIMS in Jharkhand and Gujarat, Aadhar based smartcards to senior citizens. 5. Infrastructure- allocated 40 lakh crore, DigiGaon initiative, Bharat Net project, TIES scheme, new Metro Rail Policy to be announced 6 Financial Sector-abolishing FIPB, CERT-Fin to be established, increasing lending targets under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
7. Digital economy- for speed, accountability and transparency, DBT to LPG consumers, launch of Aadhaar Pay, proposal to create Payments Regulatory Boarod in RBI 8. Public service- web based interactive pension disbursement system 9. Prudent fiscal management- revamping the FRBM Act according to ecommendations of N.K.Singh committee 10. Tax administration and transparency in electoral funding- honoring the honest, maximum cash donation to political party restricted to Rs. 2000 per person, e-assessment through RAPID, issuance of electoral bonds
Question 12:Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall growth of GDP in the post reform period. Give reasons. How far the recent changes in Industrial Policy are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate? Answer: Industrial growth rate has fallen from 7.4% to 5.2% in the previous fiscal and its contribution to GDP also is abysmal. Biggest economic crisis today is creation of jobs which is possible only through Industries Reasons for poor development of Industries: ocs on Servicen setor and boyasing Int cripe t manufacturing sector 2. Stringent labour laws, there are over 36 labour laws 3. Lack of environmental and land clearances eg PosCo steel plant
4. No Industrial policy since 1991 leading to lack of effective policy guidelines. 5. Lack of access to credit, latest technology, lack of stable tax structure 6. Chakravyuha challenge- entry and exit barriers ome of the recent changes in proposed Industrial Policy pertain to: 1. Investment- a separate FDI policy in the making will boost foreign investment 2. Ease of doing business- single window clearance, easy entry and exit mechanism, reduction in compliances, online submission of all documents reducing chances of corruption. 3. Fiscal policy- stable tax structure and prevent crowding out of private investment 4. Manufacturing - National Manufacturing policy to be subsumed under nevw industrial policy and special thrust on MSMEs will boost employment.
4. Trade- Foreign Trade Policy 2015-2020 will emphasise on boosting exports and earning forex. 5. Technology and Innovation- focus on IPRs, linking innovation hubs to industries under Atal Innovation scheme will enable industries to register patents. Task Force on Artificial Intelligence for India's Economic Transformation has also been constituted. 7. Infrastructure- creation of more SEZs, industrial corridors, coastal economic corridors will be encouraged Other solutions to propel industrial growth: 1. 2. 3. 4. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yoiana Labour reforms eg Apprenticeship Protsahan Yojana, Labour Identification no Skill India Mission, Make in India Mission, Start up india scheme Tax reforms- e-assessment, GST