Q. Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience?
1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts.
2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones.
3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities.
Select the answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only

Answer : D

Explanation:

Statement I is not correct: Mangroves grow in saline/brackish water — they cannot store freshwater for paddy cultivation in saline belts.
Statement II is not correct: Mangroves have salt-secreting roots/leaves; they do not convert saline water into freshwater.
Statement III is correct: Mangroves act as natural bio-shields against tidal surges and storm surges, and provide biomass/livelihood resources for coastal communities.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110123001181
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/wildlife-biodiversity/shrimp-salt-rice-can-help-save-mangroves-if-they-choose-to