First Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of India

This MPI report is based on a base report of NFHS, which stands for National Family Health Survey and it has considered the period between 2015 to 2016 for its findings. It was released on 26th of November 2021. Through the first MPI of India we can now easily get some approximation at district level which would be much more efficient in comparison at the country level and it is calculated through 12 indicators. It will also help the government in reaching their aim of Antyodaya, which means reaching to the last men in the queue. If implemented properly then it can seriously improve the conditions of the poor people who need the most help regarding this and its main aim is also to look out solutions for poverty elevations of the poorest of the poor.

Notes On First Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) Of India

MPI is measured through many dimensions. The three dimensions of poverty include health, education and standard of living. Health includes nutrition and child mortality. Education includes years of schooling and school attendance. Standard of living includes cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing and assets.

The state with the highest number of poor people living in it is Bihar which is followed by Jharkhand and UP. Kerala, Goa and Sikkim have the lowest number of poor people living in it. Percentages of poor in these states are Kerala has 0.71%, Goa has 3.76%, Sikkim has 3.82%, Tamil Nadu has 4.89%, Punjab has 5.59%, Bihar has 51.91%, Jharkhand has 42.16%, UP has 37.79%, MP has 36.65% and Meghalaya has 32.67% of the poor.

MPI makes use of a multidimensional method. The availability of multi functionaries that allow data to be collected based on many parameters can be derived from the same survey. It identifies those who suffer from many deprivations. The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was superseded by the MPI. MPI can display the composition of poverty is complex, affecting diverse geographies and ethnic groups or any other subgroup of the population having policy consequences.

HPI was unable to determine which particular persons, households, or organisations were involved. People in bigger groupings were impoverished. As a supplement to poverty indicators based on income. Data is often taken from a wide range of sources and these surveys are not mostly reliable. It’s possible that certain people are above the law.

NITI Aayog Multidimensional Poverty Index

This activity was widely recognised as requiring a whole of government approach in both letter and spirit. As the nodal ministry for the MPI, NITI Aayog recognised one of the initial initiatives in this approach. All Ministries and Departments of the Union that are relevant mapped to the index’s broad dimensions as well as particular components, parameters, and sub-parameters.

For instance, improving living standards, for example, need cooperation across ministries responsible for cooking gas, power, rural and urban development, housing, sanitation, and drinking water ministries and so on and so forth.

This effort also allowed for the identification of current government measures expressed through programmes and policies that had a defined influence on the index’s parameters and sub-parameters, such as various nutrition and child welfare initiatives and maternal health-related programmes that have an influence the health dimension of the MPI It emphasised the significance of cross-ministerial collaboration and coordination for effective and targeted action.

The initiative’s focus is not just on improving a country’s performance and rating, but also on using them as instruments for systemic policy improvements and procedures aimed at increasing and improving the comfort of living NITI Aayog has been collaborating with the relevant Ministries and Departments linked to the indicators and sub-indicators in this regard to create a strategy and action plan based on the index.

National Multidimensional Poverty Index

For decades, economists have maintained that poverty cannot be measured just by money. The national MPI is a variant of the global MPI. It gives a more detailed view of a country’s multidimensional poverty. Each country develops and calculates its own national MPI, which may be adjusted to the needs of that country. National governments have total control over the measures contained in governance systems, guaranteeing their long-term viability.

The National Family Health Survey 4 was performed between 2015 and 2016, and the national MPI was prepared by NITI Aayog in cooperation with 12 ministries and in partnership with state governments and index publishing bodies, specifically OPHI and UNDP. It is one of the first reports since the new government took office in India, and it replaces the previous poverty line technique. Access to prenatal care and financial inclusion as assessed by bank accounts are also included in India’s national MPI.

Multidimensional Poverty Index India State Wise

State and central governments are main ones in the country’s institutional framework. Subnational entities make up 36 states and union territories, as well as approximately 700 districts. The country has a wide range of sociopolitical, geographical, and economic variety. As an instrument for public policy, for example, the national MPI to reach its full potential, State and UT use the report’s findings.

The role of governments is critical. At the same time, the triumph of identifying and implementing reform areas. The degree of action taken to better the lives of households and people would be heavily impacted by it.

Conclusion

Through the first MPI of India we can now easily get some estimation of poverty on the district level which is much more efficient as compared to country level and it is calculated through 12 indicators. It will also help the government in reaching their aim of Antyodaya, which means reaching to the last men in the queue.