Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) 

• Artificial intelligence (AI) insinuates the diversion of human knowledge in machines changing to think as individuals and duplicate their actions
• The term may moreover be applied to any machine that shows attributes related to a human brain, for instance, learning and decisive reasoning

Potential application of Artificial Intelligence:

• Mining operations
• Self-driving cars
• Space sector
• Digital assistants & smart speakers
• Defence sector
• Facial recognition
• Agriculture
• Advisories for sowing, pest control etc
• Image classification tools
• Early disease identification
• Health & medicine
• Assessment of patients
• Artificial surgery simulators
• Counselling of mental health patients
• Radiosurgery

Benefits of AI

• In terms of policing, India still practises traditional policing. In India, AI-based products have opened up a new window of opportunity for predictive policing. With AI, one can predict crime patterns and analyse a large amount of CCTV footage available across the country to identify suspects
• The government is digitising all records, particularly criminal records, and storing them in a single database called CCTNS, which contains all data, including images, biometrics, and a convict’s or suspect’s criminal history
• In agriculture, it can be used to determine how much water a crop requires, for example, For resolving complex issues such as the most efficient use of available resources
• AI technology aids in data analysis, which can improve the efficiency of systems such as power management in automobiles, mobile devices, weather forecasting, and video and image analysis

Limitations of AI:

• Decrease in demand for human labour & job loss
• Ethical concerns
• High cost & low availability of computing infra
• Privacy & Security concerns related to data
• Psychological Distress and moral degradation of society

Artificial Intelligence in India:

• In the Union Budget 2018-19, the government-mandated NITI Aayog established the National Programmed on Artificial Intelligence in India to guide R&D in new and emerging technologies

Three-pronged approach by NITI Aayog:

• Undertaking experimental proof of AI projects in various areas
• Making a general procedure for building an energetic AI system
• Collaborating with various experts and stakeholders

AIRAVAT:  

• AI  Research, Analytics and Knowledge Assimilation Platform is a cloud computing platform

Draft National Strategy for AI by NITI Aayog (2018): 

• Planning its scope for research, adoption, and commercialization
• Use of AI in healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, infrastructure, and disaster management

National Bureau of Economic Research: 

• A report published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, claims that Artificial Intelligence has caused a 50% To 70% decrease in wages, creating income inequality and threatening millions of jobs
• As per several academic studies, automation technology has been the essential driver in the U.S. pay imbalance in recent years
• The report, distributed by the National Bureau of Economic Research, asserts that half to 70% of changes in U.S. compensation, starting around 1980, can be ascribed to wage decreases among common labourers who were supplanted or corrupted via automation 
• AI, mechanical technology, and new modern advances have caused a wide gap in wealth and pay dissimilarity. It looks like this issue will accelerate. For the time being, students and middle-class experts have a great extent of being saved from the destiny of degreeless specialists
• Individuals with a postgraduate certification saw their compensations rise, while low-training labourers declined fundamentally
• As indicated by the review, The genuine income of men without a secondary school degree is currently 15% lower than it was in 1980
• Artificial intelligence systems are ubiquitous. Application of AI-powered computerised voice aides share all that you need to know just by asking it an inquiry. Rather than a live individual resolving an issue, a corporate chatbot constrains you to engage with it
• The technology is remarkable. It helps diagnose cancer and health issues. Banks utilise modern programming to check for misrepresentation and terrible practises. AI constraints driverless vehicles, newsfeeds, online media and employment forms
• The World Economic Forum (WEF) deduced in a new report, another age of intelligent machines, powered by fast advances in application of AI and mechanical technology, might supplant an enormous extent of existing human jobs
• Robotics and AI will cause a genuine interruption for the pandemic, pushing organisations to fast track the arrangement of new advances to cut expenses, improve usefulness and be less dependent on genuine individuals
• The WEF attests computerization will slice around 85 million positions by 2025. In a critical forecast, WEF said, while some new jobs would be made as previously, the worry is there may not be sufficient of these to go around, especially as the expense of intelligent machines falls over the long haul and their abilities increase

Let’s Trace the History and Evolution of AI.

Conclusion

AI will be a watershed moment in humanity’s technological evolution, with humans’ reliance on machines and algorithms for decision-making at an all-time high. While AI is making our lives easier, it also comes with its own risks. Hence, it is necessary for a country like India to have an appropriate strategy to harness the power of AI as well as mitigate its risks for the advancement of the country.