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The rights that are guaranteed under Articles 12-35 (Part III) of the Constitution of India are the fundamental rights in India. These Rights are termed so as they are guaranteed and protected by the Constitution of India (i.e., the fundamental law of India). Every Fundamental Right stated in the Constitution of India is inspired by different Constitution of different nations such as the USA (also referred to as the Bill of Rights). Part III is also defined as the Magna Carta of India. It conveys a very inclusive and extensive list of ‘justiciable’ Fundamental Rights. Fundamental rights are also used to prohibit discrimination and thus eliminate untouchability.

Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution

The fundamental rights recognized by the Indian Constitution are six in number. They are:

  1. Right to equality stated under Articles 14–18
  2. Right to freedom stated under Articles 19–22
  3. Right against exploitation stated under Articles 23–24
  4. Right to freedom of religion stated under Articles 25–28 
  5. Cultural and educational rights stated under Articles 29–30
  6. Right to constitutional remedies stated under Article 32

The proper explanation of these fundamental rights is as follows:

Fundamental Rights

Articles

1. Right to equality

(a) Article 14 includes Equivalent safety of rules and impartiality before the law. 

 

(b) Article 15 includes a Ban of discrimination on matters of caste, religion, place of birth, and sex.

 

(c) Article 16 includes the parity of chance in terms of communal employment. 

 

(d) Article 17 includes the elimination of untouchability and a ban on its repetition. 

 

(e) Article 18 includes the elimination of titles except for academic and military.

2. Right to freedom

(a) Article 19 includes the defense of 6 rights regarding freedom of: 

(i) assembly, 

(ii)speech and expression, 

(iii) movement,

(iv) association,

(v) profession, and 

(vi) residence

 

(b) Article 20 includes safety in an opinion for crimes. 

 

(c) Article 21 includes Safety of life and personal liberty. 

 

(d)Article 21A includes the right to elementary education. 

 

(e) Article 22 includes safety against arrest and imprisonment in certain cases.

3.  Right against exploitation

(a) Article 23 includes the ban on traffic in involuntary human beings and labour. 

 

(b) Article 24 includes the ban on the employment of the underaged in factories, Companies, etc.

4. Right to freedom of religion

(a) Article 25 includes freedom of ethics and free occupation, propagation, and practice of religion. 

 

(b) Article 26 includes freedom to bring about spiritual affairs. 

 

(c) Article 27 includes freedom from the payment of taxes for the elevation of any religious affairs.

 

(d) Article 28 includes freedom from being present with spiritual instruction or worship in particular educational institutions.

5. Cultural and educational rights

(a) Article 29 includes the Safety of script, language, and culture of subgroups. 

 

(b) Article 30 includes the rights of subgroups to create and manage educational institutions.

6. Right to constitutional remedies

Article 32 includes the right to move toward the Supreme Court for the implementation of fundamental rights counting the writs of 

  1. Mandamus 
  2. Habeas corpus, 
  3. Certiorari,
  4. Quo warranto
  5. Prohibition,

The Six Fundamental Rights

The six fundamental rights are:

  1. Right to equality (Article 14 – Article 18) – The right to equality delivers for the equal conduct of everybody before the law, stops discrimination on numerous grounds, considers everybody as equals in matters of civic service, and eliminates untouchability, and also titles such as Rai Bahadur, etc.
  2. Right to freedom (Article 19 – Article 22) – The right to freedom pledges people, amongst the other things, the freedom to live in pride. The goal of the elementary human rights of Indians was to overcome dissimilarities in the pre-independence communal system. Elementary rights are vital for the expansion of the nature of each individual and the conservation of human pride.
  3. Right against exploitation (Article 23 – Article 24) – It forbids human operating, forced labour, and other similar forms of forced labour. It also prohibits the service of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other dangerous happenings like building a railway or work.
  4. Right to freedom of religion (Article 25 – Article 28) – Every person is likewise permitted the liberty of principles and the right to easily repeat, broadcast, and acknowledge religion.
  5. Cultural and educational rights (Article 29- Article 30) – Any segment of the people in  any part of the country of India consuming a certain culture, script, or verbal of its individual, will have the right to preserve the identity. No resident will be left without admission into any institution upheld by the State.
  6. Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32- Article 35) – The right to remedies for the implementation of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen, if any individual dishonored the Fundamental Rights is stated in Article 32 of the Constitution of India. It is also named the right to get the Fundamental Rights endangered is in itself a fundamental right.Â