The land Border Protection law has the following key points -:

• The law has 82 articles and 7 chapters
• The law involves strengthening of the border defense
• Support economic development at borders to make model villages
• Enhance the public services , infrastructure that can be used for military as well as civilian purposes.
• The border protection law talks about delimitation and survey of the land Border.
• The law emphasized on boundary markers that will help in clear demarcation of Chinese territory. The markers will be made on all land boundaries.
• The law encompasses the management and defense of border areas . The People’s Liberation Army of China has been given the responsibility of the border areas and its security.
• The areas of responsibility of PLA include preventing illegal border crossing 
• The law bans any activity that can be detrimental to Chinese security and that can hinder the relations of China with its neighbors.
• By virtue of the law every citizen and local has the responsibility towards the country and hence are required to protect the borders .
• The law also talks about containment of sealing at the borders at the time when the national security of the country is threatened at the times of war , natural disasters , biological accidents like COVID  pandemic etc
• The law also deals with international cooperation at the borders . According to the law the principles of ‘ equality and mutual Benefits ‘ should prevail.
• The border protection law further deals with the formation of joint committees in both civil and military sectors with bordering countries to deal and negotiate on issues pertaining to land Border.
• It further says that all border issues should be solved with dialogues and negotiations and the People republic of China should abide by land Border treatise.

Impact of the land Border Protection law 

The impact of the land Border Protection law on India will be as follows – 

1. The law will justify the military transgressions at the line of actual control by the People’s Republic of China in 2020. The main or core aim of the law is to give legal cover to the transgressions by the virtue of the land Border Protection law.
2. The law will cause settlement at borders as the infrastructure and other facilities will get better. This can act as a stepping stone of China’s salami slicing strategy or the cabbage strategy as with the help of increased human settlement and border earlier in the area of dispute China had claimed ownership likewise it can do it along the other areas and slowly taking more and more land under the disputed section.
3. The law can also impact the Water coming from Brahmaputra river . The new border protection law says that China will have complete authority over internal rivers.Since the river flows from China and based on the new law which deals with ‘measures to protect the stability of the cross border rivers and lakes ‘. Hence China can limit the flow of rivers to disturb the ecological balance of the country .
4. It is also believed that the land Border Protection law is somewhat similar to India’s vibrant villages concept.The law involves construction of model villages with better roads , infrastructure and development which can be used at the time of military standoff and wars.
5. The law involves China’s permission for construction at the borders . That is for doing permanent construction china will be required.
6. Also the most important fact and cause of concern for India is China’s provocative behavior as it has included the whole state of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of ladakh and plains of Uttarakhand in its map and as per the new border protection law it states that these Indian territories are a part of Chinese sovereign territory.

China ‘s border countries and disputes

• China shares borders with 14 countries and out of these 14 it has border issues with 2 countries that are India and Bhutan.
• China has settled the boundary disputes with the rest of the 12 countries.
• Countries having borders with China – India , Bhutan , Mongolia ,Russia ,Myanmar, Korea , Pakistan , Afghanistan ,Nepal, Vietnam, Kyrgyzstan ,Laos , Kazakhstan and Tajikistan .

Indian states sharing border with China 

• Arunachal Pradesh
• Sikkim
• Uttarakhand
• Himachal Pradesh
• Jammu and Kashmir

Conclusion

 China is getting more and more aggressive at the border . The New land Border Protection law is an indication of China’s behavior wherein it creates a dispute where it cannot acquire the land. The land Border Protection law can impact India in terms of justifying and giving a legal cover to the military transgressions further it impact in terms of the river water of Brahmaputra and also in terms of advancement in the area can be deterrent as the roads and bridges can be used for military purposes and will add to maneuverability of the army .