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The phylogenetic diversification and ecological radiation of angiosperms (flowering plants) in the Early Cretaceous, between about 135 and 65 million years ago, was one of the major biotic upheavals in the early stages of the history of life. It had dramatic consequences for the composition and subsequent evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Ancient Mesozoic vegetation, dominated by ferns, conifers, ginkgos, cycads, Bennettitales, and other groups of extinct seed plants, was eventually almost entirely replaced by more modern ecosystems dominated by angiosperms. Since the Early Cretaceous, high diversification rates have generated more than 350 000 extant angiosperm species. Flowering plants are the plants that bear fruits and flowers. It includes angiosperms.
Flowering plants
Here are some examples of flowering plants in our surroundings.
- Bela:
Bella is also known as Arabian Jasmine. It is one of the Summer Flowering Plants. You can plant it from cuttings. While taking its cutting, keep in mind that the cutting should not be too thick and green in colour.
- Bougainvillaea
Another name for summer Flowering Plants comes from Bougainvillaea, whose flowers are of many colours. You will see plants of flowers of some colour bougainvillaea around you. So what is the delay? You can bring two-three cuttings from any plant to plant in your house. Because it is very easy to plant bougainvillaea plants from cuttings, keep in mind the temperature of your area when planting Bougainvillaea. You can still plant Bougainvillaea even if the temperature stays 35 degrees. Also, monsoon is the best season to plant any cuttings.
- Moss Rose
This plant, which comes under the category of Summer Flowering Plants, is also called Moss Rose and Gul-e-Shama in many places. It has very beautiful flowers of different colours. Bring some cuttings from portulaca plants near you and plant them in your home.
- Cosmos Orange
Today’s last Summer Flowering Plant is Cosmos Orange. You can also plant it from seed. You can order these seeds online or buy them from any seed store nearby.
Angiosperms
Angio means ‘vessel,’ and sperm means ‘ seed. ‘ To date, there are over 25,000 species of angiosperms. These are called ” hardwoods,” They usually die in the fall.
Angiosperms are considered a wide variety of species, including trees, herbs, and shrubs. They have a proper root system, which helps collect water and minerals from the soil. These stems serve the body’s transport system, and the leaves are thought to be the main source of food intake.
Angiosperms are bisexual. Also, they have a receptive pollen structure. The endosperm is mainly produced as triploid tissue formed during triple fusion. Angiosperms represent 80 per cent of all known green plants. These are vascular seed plants.
Key Differences Between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Following are the important key differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms:
Angiosperms | Gymnosperms |
Sepals and petals are present in angiosperms. | Sepals and petals are Absent in gymnosperms. |
The sporophyll bears the small thalamus in angiosperms. | The sporophyll bears an elongated central axis in gymnosperms. |
Double fertilisation occurs when both male gametes are in an active state. One plays a role in reproductive fertilisation and the other for vegetative fertilisation or triple fusion in angiosperms. | In contrast, only one type of fertilisation occurs in gymnosperms, and only one gamete is functional. |
Eggs are present inside the ovary’s ovary; These are attached to the placenta, and they (ovarian) are produced on a stalk or fungus in angiosperms. | In gymnosperms, ovules lie on megasporophylls and are not borne on the placenta, and they (ovules) are sessile. |
Megasporophylls are structured to form a carpel; microsporophylls are represented by a stamen, which includes the stamen and filament in angiosperms | while gymnosperms have a woody part, and abroad, a sterile head represents microsporophylls. |
Angiosperms are also the source of the world’s hardwoods. Flowering plants are economically important as they serve as a source of pharmaceuticals, lumber, ornaments, fibre products, and other commercial uses. | At the same time, gymnosperms provide pine, cedar, and softwoods for making paper, lumber, and plywood. Are known to have taken. |
Stigma and style are present in angiosperms, and four microsporangia or pollen sacs are usually present. | Stigma and style are absent in gymnosperms, and microsporangia range from two (Pinus) to several hundred in Cycas. |
The points mentioned above were the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Conclusion
Here we can conclude that the kingdom Plantae, also known as Metaphor, includes photosynthetic, multicellular, and eukaryotic plants found in the biosphere. In this state, most of them are autotrophs, while some are autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Angiosperms and gymnosperms, a group of plant kingdoms, are important as they occupy more than 80 per cent of the entire state. But in terms of vegetation, angiosperms dominate the Earth’s surface, especially terrestrial habitats, more than any other group. But suffice it to say that the success of life and many organisms on Earth depends, either directly or indirectly, on the success of plants.
