Scientific developments in the Indus Valley Civilization

Mohenjo Daro and Harappa had two main places where we observe the architecture of Indus civilization; it has three basic characteristics: remarkable consistency, outstanding routineness, and bearing an essential and foremost phase of socialized preparation. The most present-day town of the Indus Valley civilization is without a doubt Mohenjo Daro. The town was annihilated and recreated multiple times. 

There were three streets, the first is from North to South and in the middle from East to West were two streets which converged and framed twelve squares, which were additionally isolated into roads and rear entryways.

• The town had two parts: upper and lower. The upper part belonged to the elite and the working class stayed in the lower one
• The upper part was a sort of citadel. It was built on an artificial mud-brick platform with a height of forty feet. The walls were made of baked bricks. These citadels were found in the areas nearer to the river. The fortification was mainly done as a protective and precautionary measure in case of floods. Some other buildings were also fortified
• A huge timber building (150 feet long and 75 feet wide) was found on the side of the wall of the citadel. It acts as the granary of Mohenjo Daro and has no inner division. The one found in Harappa is divided into twelve units
• The granary had a decent ventilation framework. The granary in Harappa was situated in a lower town close to the stream; this might be because of the presence of a  plant. As per Wheeler, such storehouses were vital for the economy
• As per Wheeler, such storehouses were vital for the economy
• They are considered as state banks since they went about as rich assuming they had a wealth of grains. They used to pay their laborers thusly. Even though storage facilities were likewise found in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the engineering of Indus storehouses was superior to those of Egypt and Mesopotamia. In Lothal, a dockyard was found and it is 730 feet in length
• From the outside, the houses have simple walls and are double stories but from inside they are profusely decorated
• In the country yards, the wooden balconies were very common. The sewage/drainage system is very effective
• Drains initiate from the bathrooms of the houses. They joined the main sewer in the streets and were covered with the help of brick slabs or brick arches, depending on its width
• There were public wells present at small distances and at each corner of the street watchman’s cells were built
• There were small  two rooms along with residential units present at the lower part. These might be for the labourers
• There were few things found that provided an idea about the religious practice on both upper and lower parts but no building was found for the confirmation of the idea of worship
• The most interesting feature was the ‘Great Bath’. A forty feet long pool has waterproof walls along with two sets of stairs that were reaching into depth might have some sort of religious importance
• The widespread thought is that it was used for ritualistic bathing. There was a tall building that had some small cubicles at the right of the Great bath
• It is presumed that it was a college for students of religion including a residence for religious scholars. The pillared hall was present towards the Southern part of the citadel.
• As per archaeologists, it was an ‘Assembly Hall’ or maybe a centre of government from where they control administration