Transformer

A transformer is a scientific instrument that plays a key role in increasing or decreasing voltage. It raises and lowers the voltage by increasing and decreasing the output voltage. Michael Faraday used the term transformer for the first time in 1831. It was further discussed by various scholars and scientists. Today, transformers have various applications in electronics. They are often used to transform the operating voltage from one level to another.

What is a transformer?

A transformer is an electrical device used in the transmission of electric energy. It is defined as a passive electrical device that can change the voltage in an alternating current (AC) electric circuit. It can change the voltage from high to low and vice versa through electromagnetic induction.

Types of transformer

Based on voltage levels, transformers can be classified into two types: 

1. Step-up transformer:
   When a transformer is used to increase the voltage, it is called a step-up transformer. It is often used between the power generator and the power grid. It makes the voltage at the output end greater than the voltage at the input end.
2. Step-down transformer:
   When a transformer is used to decrease the voltage, it is called a step-down transformer. It makes the voltage at the output end lesser than the voltage at the input end.

Based on Install Location, the transformer can be of four types:

1. Power Transformer:
   Power transformers are suitable for high voltage applications, which is why they are used at power generation stations.
2. Measurement Transformer:
   A measurement transformer is mainly used for the measurement of current, voltage and power.
3. Distribution Transformer:
   Distribution transformers are mainly used for domestic purposes as they are designed for carrying low voltages.
4. Protection Transformer:
   Protection transformers are used for the protection of circuit components from voltage fluctuations. 

Working principle of a transformer

The working principle of a transformer is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. According to this law, there will be an induced electromagnetic force in the second winding. In the case of a closed secondary winding, a dielectric current will flow through it. 

Four functions are performed in a transformer:

1. Mutual induction is present between the two linked circuits
2. There is a transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another 
3. Electric power gets transferred without showing any change in the frequency 
4. Electromagnetic induction transfers electrical power

Uses of transformers

• They are used in electronics and radio.
• They are used in refrigerators to regulate voltage.
• They are used in AC units due to their properties of high inductance and low resistance.
• They are used in a rectifier to set the voltage level from DC to AC

Conclusion 

A transformer is a passive electrical device that can change the voltage in an alternating current (AC) electric circuit. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the operating voltage levels between circuits. A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. 

Four basic functions are performed in a transformer: 

1. Mutual induction is present between the two linked circuits
2. There is a transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another 
3. Electric power gets transferred without showing any change in the frequency 
4. Electromagnetic induction transfers electrical power