NCERT Summary - Class IX Biology: UPSC CSE

PLANTAE

THALLOPHYTA - The organisms belonging to this group do not have welL- differentiated body design, - These organisms have naked embryos called spores. - Examples of organisms belonging to this group are algae, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora and hara Cladophorea Ulothrix Chara

The organisms belonging to this group are called the amphibians of the plant kingdorm The body of the plant gets differentiated that leads to the formation of stem and leaf-like The organisms belonging to this group has naked embryos that are called spores. These organisms have no specialized tissue Riccia Marchantia for conduction of water and' other substances from one part of the body of plant to other. Examples of organisms belonging to this group are moss (Funaria) and Marchantia.

PTERIDOPHYTA The bodies of the plants belonging to this group are differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. These organisms have naked embryos called spores. They have specialized tissue that conducts water and other essential substances from one part of the body of plant to other.

Examples of organisms belonging to this group are Marsilea, ferns and horse-tails. This group of plants is again divided into bwo broad categories gymnosperms and angiosperms. The classification is based upon the following facts: 8 Fern Marilea . Naked seeds Seeds enclosed in fruits

GMNOSPERMS he term gymnosperm is derived from two different words. They are gymno- means naked and sperma means see Sperma- The plants belonging to this group have naked seeds, The plants of this group are generally perehinial, evergreen and woodsy. Pinus Cycas Examples of plants belonging to this group are pines and cycas.

ANGIOSPERMS The term angiosperm is derived from two different words. They are Angio- means covered and Sperma -means seed The seeds develop inside the organs of the plants that get modified into fruit. They are therefore called flowering plants. he plant embryos present in the seeds have certain structures. They are called cotyledons or seed leaves

- These structures emerge and become green during the germination of the seed. Fig. 7.9: Monocots Paphiopecdilum Plants whose seeds have a single cotyledon are called monocotyledonous or monocots. PLants whose seeds have two cotutedons are called dicots, Dicots- IPOMEA

Plants Do not have lifferentiated plant body Have differentiated plant body Without With vascular tissue vascular tissue Bryophyta Do not produce seeds Produce seeds- Phanerogams Bear seeds inside fruits Bear naked seeds Have seeds with two Have seeds with one Dicots Fig. 7.11: Classification of plants

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