A prism can have considerable quantities of the same shape, all touching each other and have the same or different shape at the top,p, which is parallel to the shape at the bottom, matching in size and area covered. A cube of ice, a cardboard box, your smartphone are all examples of prisms. The lateral surface area of a prism or curved surface area of a prism is considered the summation of all the polygon faces except the bases. It is different from the total surface area as it only considers the sides and not the entire area of the prism.
Calculation of the Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of a prism
The lateral surface area has two main parts, as discussed above. The area of the shapes is covered by its sides. And the area is covered by the same shape at the top and bottom.
Considering the shapes at the side, we have to calculate the area of the boundaries plus the height. This will translate to Perimeter X Height.
So the formula for the lateral surface area of a prism can be defined as
(2 X base area) + (perimeter X height)
This formula for the lateral surface area of a prism can be changed depending on the shape. The reason that the shape of a prism changes is due to the existence of many shapes. Triangles, squares, trapezoids, pentagons, hexagons and octagons are different shapes, and the formula for such also changes accordingly.
For example, a pentagon has five sides to it. So the formula for the lateral surface area of a pentagon prism is 5 (sides of the pentagon) X height of the pentagon.
Similarly, a square has four corners. So the formula for the curved surface area of a prism in the shape of a square would be 4 (sides of a square)² X height of the square.
To understand the complexity of prisms and how the formula is set up to be different for each shape, we need to understand the different types of prisms.
Apart from the lateral surface area of a prism, the volume of a prism can also be determined by simply multiplying the prism’s base with the height. The curved surface area of a prism can also determine the curvature of the area.
There is one type of prism that does not fit the accepted description and measure explained above. A twisted prism is one where the top and bottom bases are not parallel. They are of the same size and area; however, they do not face each other parallelly. This is because the prism sides are not always of the same size. More variants of the twisted prism can be star prism, a frustum, crossed prism or a toroidal prism.
In the year 300 B.CA prominent Greek Mathematician named Euclid wrote a set of books known simply as Elements that would document all mathematical and topographical knowledge until that period. It was widely publicised and became the definitive book for mathematical history and derivatives that has helped scientists and mathematicians to this day to understand concepts and make discoveries in complex theories.
Euclid was the first person to coin the word Prism in his series of books and gave shape and purpose to this particular type of figure. It provides a rather unclear explanation, which has been changed and simplified in today’s world for better understanding. Calculating the lateral surface area of a prism and the curved surface area of a prism was also part of Euclid’s mathematical findings.
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