Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation

Prokaryotic translation uses ribosomes to translate proteins. Eukaryotic translation uses a tRNA to deliberately decode the codons in mRNA. The genetic information is stored in the DNA of prokaryotes, which is an acronym for proteins, nucleic acid and pyrimidine. The genetic information transcribed into a strand of RNA called mRNA, which was then translated using ribosomes. In order to make proteins, this setup relied on enzymes that were very specific for individual amino acids (chemical compounds in protein) and must be present before any protein could be made. 

Prokaryotic Translation:

In prokaryotes, translation occurs on ribosomes and the code is RNA. From a genetics point of view, it is similar to DNA but only stores information for one character and has no introns (legitimacy markers) or exons (expression markers). A mRNA has information on where the amino acids are supposed to go and a tRNA molecule reads this information and provides them. This system is very simple, but in some way effective as well. Prokaryotic Translation initiation is done via an initiator called IVG (Initiation and Velicies Acid).

Eukaryotic Translation:

Eukaryotic translation occurs in eukaryotic cells. From a genetics point of view, it is the same as prokaryotic DNA but has more introns and exons which separate the actual coding. Gene expression will not occur until all of the introns are removed by splicing. After that, each exon will be joined together by splicing or polymerase (an enzyme) as well. Once all of this is done, transcription can occur in order to produce mRNA which will be translated into proteins using ribosomes or tRNA molecules. 

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation:

Prokaryotic translation is just a process on ribosomes which resides in the cytoplasm of a cell. Eukaryotic translation happens in the nucleus and ribosomes reside on the outer part of it.

Prokaryotes have only one RNA strand which is mRNA and eukaryotes have two, mRNA and DNA. Prokaryotes require specific enzymes for each amino acid to be made, but eukaryotes have enzymes that can do more than one amino acid and it doesn’t require any pre-existing. The translation of prokaryotic mRNA is identical to transcription, which is similar to prokaryotic translation. Eukaryotic RNA only contains information on one character, but in the process of gene expression it will have introns and exons. One exon will be joined together with splicing while other exons will be joined with splicing or polymerase (an enzyme). To sum up, because of the ribosome, prokaryotic mRNA can be translated very quickly and the protein is made by a simple process. In eukaryotic cells, there are two major types of cells: eukaryotes and protozoa. Eukaryotes are further divided into subtypes like in plants and animals, but not all of them require translation. Some types even don’t have the introns and exons needed for gene expression. Eukaryotic translation is more complex than prokaryotic because it is needed to translate DNA first with all of its introns, then joining the exons before gene expression occurs.

Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes:

In prokaryotes, the genetic information is stored in DNA. To use the information in DNA, it was converted into mRNA, a strand of RNA. mRNA went to the cytoplasm of the cell and allowed proteins to be made on ribosomes. The proteins were used by cells because they had specific enzymes which allowed them to do their jobs.

Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes:

In eukaryotes, there are a few differences in transcription and translation. As mentioned above, translation only occurs on ribosomes while transcription is needed for both genomes and mRNA, which will be reproduced into a strand of RNA. In eukaryotes, the genetic information is stored in DNA and mRNA. The information in DNA is called genes which lead to the expression of proteins. Information on how to make those proteins are provided by introns and exons and all of the intron and exons are joined together by splicing or polymerase (an enzyme) after gene expression occurs.

Conclusion:

The point of this article was to highlight the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of their translation processes. It was not meant to say that one system is better than another and that one should not be used over another. It was meant to highlight the differences between them, which are in fact bigger than just their translation processes.