NCERT Disaster Management - Class 8

CHAPTER-1 BEING PREPARED A vital part of disaster management By Sruthi Srinivas

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INTRODUCTION India is one of the world's most disaster-prone countries. - Cyclones Earthquakes Drought Floods - Landslides Occur in different parts with varying intensity according to geo-physical characteristics

IN INDIA On the east west, cyclones occur frequently Earthquakes occur in the interior of the plateau or in the Himalayas. Floods are common in Ganga Brahmaputra plain. About 70% of the land including Rajasthan, western Orissa and other areas in south India experience severe drought. People living in an area may be vulnerable to more than one disaster. such an area is called multi-hazard zone

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZARD AND DISASTER Hazardis a physical event or phenomena which may cause injury or loss of life, damage to property, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazard may lead to disaster Ex: floods can be disaster when there is a huge loss of lives homes, cattle and valuables. If people are evacuated along with valuables to a safe shelter then floods remains as hazard. e

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT DISASTER PREPAREDNESS DISASTER MANAGEMENT The set of activities and precautions that a community collectively takes before a disaster occurs, in order to reduce the impact of a disaster, and to cope with it efficiently. The range of activities designed to mitigate the e ffects of disasters and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping people at risk. Managing disaster include Steps to be taken in pre and post disaster Preparedness Mitigation, response and recovery 1. 2. 3.

DISASTERS . Nature gives: air water and food. has been combining its gifts with its often-inexplicable moods of destruction and fury. These times of turmoil over land and water, Or hazards often lead to disasters, with large losses to life, livelihood and property . Disaster are some times referred to as calamities.

DISASTERS faced by India Natural Man-Made Forest fires Earthquakes Drought Floods Cyclones Landslides A large number of Fire accidents etc.

Earth quakes The earth is made of large plates of land that float over semi molten rock These plates are in continuous moving and shifting Occurs due to: The movements in the Earth's crust causes earthquakes This happens when two plates collide with each other releasing energy Earthquakes that occur under water, in the oceans, cause huge waves called tsunamis .

Earth quakes Earth quakes more likely occur along faults Fults are places in the earth where the rocks are broken and the rocks on one side have moved in some direction relative to the other. Faults are planes Delhi city lies near a fault, hence highly earthquake-prone. It is densely populated and has crowded residential areas makes it more vulnerable to disaster.

DROUGHT Environmental degradation is a major factor that increases the effects of drought. . Characteristics: 1.deficit rainfall 2. Lack of water for household or agriculture use 3.deficiency f surface or sub-surface water leading to acute shortage of water Consequences: 1.large scale starvation 2.loss of assets 3. loss of livestock 4. death

CYCLONES It is a storm that occurs due to a difference in temperature and pressure of air, over the warm water of the oceans t is accompanied by strong gales and lashing rain and tidal wavesthat cause floods in coastal areas Consequences: 1.lt can carry power to destroy concrete building 2.blow away a cement roof 3. uproot trees 4.wash away homes in villages

PREVENTIONS: Natural disasters cannot be prevented but can be mitigated. By being prepared to face and respond to them effectively, we conserve the advances made by civilisation and also minimizethe losses that disasters inflict upon communities Taking care of our environment plays an important role in the mitigation of disasters.

PREVENTIONS: By adhering to rules that govern the way building must be constructed: building bye laws. Nuclear proliferation treaties are agreement made internationally by countries, mutual agreeing not to develop nuclear weapons for mass destruction. By adhering to safety measures in industries, accidents that cause suffering could be prevented

PREPAREDNESS A large number of agencies, the government and communities come together to help in coping with the after-effects of the disaster. These agencies are called civil-society These have been collaborating even in times when there is no disaster to plan an effective disaster management plan Iis designed by considering a number of plans at various levels such as the community, the blocks/ taluka (in rural areas),the district and state integrating into a national plan. At commun,level it is called as community contingence plan . At community level it is called as community contingence plan.

THANK YOU Sruthi Srinivas