CSAT 2018 Reading Comprehension: UPSC CSE

CSAT PROBLEM SOLVING CSAT 2018 (READING COMPREHENSION) LESSON 1

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Directions for the following 3 (three) items: Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only Passage -1 Desertification' is a term used to explain a process of decline in the biological productivity of an ecosystem, leading to total loss of productivity. While this phenomenoin is often linked to the arid, seml-arid and sub- humid ecosystems, even in the humid tropics, the impact could be most dramatic Impoverishment of human-impacted terrestrial ecosystems may exhibit itself in a variety of ways :accelerated erosion

as in the mountain regions of the country salinization of land as in the semi-arid and arid 'green revolution' areas of the country, e.g., Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, and site quality decline -a common phenomenon due to general decline in tree cover and monotonous monoculture of rice/wheat across the Indian plains. A major consequence of deforestation is that it relates to adverse alterations in the hydrology and related soil and nutrient losses. The consequences of deforestation invariably arise out of site degradation through erosive losses. Tropical Asia, Africa and South America have the highest levels of erosion The already high rates for the tropics are

Indian context), due to deforestation and ill-suited land management practices subsequent to forest clearing. In the mountain context, the declining moisture retention of the mountain soils, drying up of the underground

springs and smaller rivers in the Himalayan regiorn could be attributed to drastic changes in the forest cover. An indirect consequence is drastic alteration in the upland- lowland interaction, mediated through water. The current concern the tea planter of Assam has is about the damage to tea plantations due to frequent inundation along the flood-plains of Brahmaputra, and the damage to tea plantation and the consequent loss in tea productivity is due to rising level of the river bottom because of siltation and the changing course of the river system. The ultimate consequences of site

1. According to the passage, which of the following are the consequences of decline in forest cover? 1. Loss of topsoil 2. Loss of smaller rivers 3. Adverse effect on agricultural production 4. Declining of groundwater Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

2. Which of the following is/are the correct inference/ inferences that can be made from the passage? 1. Deforestation can cause changes in the course of rivers 2. Salinization of land takes place due to human activities only. 3. Intense monoculture practice in plains is a major reason for desertification in Tropical Asia, Africa and South America. Select the correct answer using the code given below

With reference to 'desertification' as described in the pass: e following assumptions have been made: Desertification is a phenomenon in tropical areas only. Deforestation invariably leads to floods and desertification hich of the above assumptions is/are valid? 1 only Both 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2