(Hindi) MPTET 2019 Exam - Current Affairs

10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The NATO was founded in 1949 in Washington. The foreign ministers of 10 countries signed a defense treaty that committed to helping each other in the event of an attack. There are now 26 country members with headquarters in Belgiunm

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights alon<g with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.lt is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee om lntellectual Cooperation.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO:21 French: Organisation des Nations unies pour l' ducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along wit fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter. It is the successor of the League of lations' International Committee on Intellectua

UNESCOFormation 4 November 1946 (72 years ago) TypeSpecialized agencyLegal statusActiveHeadquarters- Paris, France Membership-193 member states Head-Audrey Azoulay irector-General of the UNESCO)

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cult ral reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter. It is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation UNESCOAbbreviationUNESCOFormation4 November 1946 (72 years ago) TypeSpecialized agencyLegal statusActiveHeadquartersPlace de Fontenoy, Paris, FranceMembership 193 member statesHead Audrey Azoulay (Director-General of the UNESCO)Websiteen.unesco.orgUNESCO has 193 member states and 11 associate members.3 Most of its field offices are cluster" offices covering three or more countries; national and regional offices also exist.

UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programs, international science programs, the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press, regional and cultural history projects, the promotion cultural diversity

UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainabl development and intercultural dialoque through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information".151 Other priorities of the organization Al and itaininge.quality addressng emerging social All and lifelong Tearning, addressing emerging social and ethical challenges, fostering cultural diversity, a culture of peace and building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication.I61 The broad goals and objectives of the international community-as set out in the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)-underpin all UNESCO stra d activities

September 5-6, 2013, St. Petersburg, Russia. Unofficially, the meeting focused on a response to Syria's chemical weapons attack June 18-19, 2012, Los Cabos, Mexico.

G-20 Member Nations The G-20 members include the G-7 nations: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the United States. This group of countries also meets on their own There are eleven emerging market and smaller industrialized countries. They are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey. The EL member of the G-20

Why the G-20 Is Important The growth of Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRIC countries) has driven the growth of the qlobal economy. The G-7 countries grow slower. Therefore, the BRIC countries are critical for ensuring continued global economic prosperity. In the past, the leaders of the G-7 could meet and decide on qlobal economic issues without much interference from the BRIC countries. But these countries have become more critical in providing the needs of the G-7 nations. For example, Russia delivers most of the natural gas to Europe. China roduces much of the manufacturing for the United s. India provides high-tech services G-20

What Is the World Bank? to rebuild post -Word War l Ewropestuhdiehed in 1944 The World Bank Group (WBG) was 1944 to rebuild post-World War lIl Europe under the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Todav, the World Bank functions as an international organization that tights poverty by offering developmental assistance to middle-income and low-income countries. By giving loans and offering advice and training in both the private and public sectors, the World Bank aims to eliminate poverty by helping people help themselves. Under the World Bank Group, there are complimentary utions that aid in its goals to provide assistance,

There is an obligatory subscription fee, which is equivalent to 88.29% of the quota that a country has to pay to the IMF. In addition, a country is obligated to buy 195 World Bank shares (US$120,635 per share, reflecting a capital increase made in 1988). Of these 1 95 shares, 0.60% must be paid in cash in U.S. dollars while 5.40% can be paid in a country's local currency, in U.S. dollars, or in non-negotiable non- interest bearing notes. The balance of the 195 shares is left as "callable capita meaning the World Bank n shares when and if necessary. A countr can subscribe a further 250 shares, which do not require payment at the time of membership but are left as "callable capital." (Learn more about the IMF in An Introduction To The International erves the right to ask for the monetary value of these d.) The president of the World Bank comes from the /n argest a board o board of 24 executiv U.K., France, Germany and Japan-each have an individual ED, and the additional 19 EDs represent the rest of the member states as groups of constituencies. Of these 19, however, China, Russia and Saudi Arabia have opted to be single country constituencies, which means that they each have one representative within the 19 EDs. This decision is based on the fact that these countries have large, influential economies, which requires that their interests be voiced individually rather than diluted within a group. The World Bank gets its funding from rich countries as well r, which is the United States, and members are represented by ors. Throughout the year, however, powers are delegated to a rec (EDs). The five largest shareholders the U.S he issuance of bonds on the world's capital markets