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This lesson covers the topic of electric dipole and we will see some common properties related to the dipole

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Bhai aap bhut acha padhate ho but ek chij aap kijye question last me na kara k har ek lesson me kara de agr ban ra h to fir aage
1. Electric Dipole: Electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a very small distance. The electric field produced by a dipole is known as dipole field. Electric dipole moment is a vector quantity used to measure the strength of an electric dipole. p (q x 21) 2 1 The magnitude of electric dipole moment is the product of magnitude of either charge and the distance between the two charges. The direction is from negative to positive charge. The SI unit of p' is coulomb metre (C m)'. Note: An ideal dipole is the dipole in which the charge becomes larger and larger and the separation becomes smaller and smaller.

2. Electric Field Intensity due to an Electric Dipole: i) At a point on the axial line: Resultant electric field intensity at the point P is Ep=Eg-EA Ep = EA + EB The vectors EA and Ep are collinear and opposite. 2 p x 2 p x PIE Ifl << x, then X + 1)2 The direction of electric field intensity at a point on the axial line due to a dipole is always along the direction of the dipole moment 1 2 (q . 2) x 4TTE0 2 1212

3. ii) At a point on the equatorial line: Resultant electric field intensity at the point Q is Eg EB sin Q EAE Es cos. e The vectors EA and Ep are acting at an angle 20. EAcos E sin 4TTE (x2 +2 x2 +12 The vectors EA sin and EB sin are opposite to each other and hence cancel out. 4TTEo (x2+2) (x2+ 12 ) The vectors E, cos and EB cos are acting along the same direction and hence add up. x2 +2 )3/2 4TTE x2 +12)3/2

4. -2 1 4TTED(x212)32 i) Ifi << y, then EaR The direction of electric field intensity at a point on the equatorial line due to a dipole is parallel and opposite to the direction of the dipole moment. If the observation point is far away or when the dipole is very short, then the electric field intensity at a point on the axial line is double the electric field intensity at a point on the equatorial line. i.e. Ifi << x and I << y, then Ep 2 Eo

5. Torque on an Electric Dipole in a Uniform Electric Field: The forces of magnitude pE act opposite to each other and hence net force acting on the dipole due to external uniform electric field is zero. So, there is no translational motion of the dipole. However the forces are along different lines of action and constitute a couple. Hence the dipole will rotate and experience torque. Torque: Electric Force x distance t q E (2i sin ) = pEsin Case i: If = 0 , then t 0 . Case ii: If 90 , then t- pE (maximum value) Case iii: If -180 , then t- 0. Direction of Torque is perpendicular and into the plane containing p and E. Sl unit of torque is newton metre (Nm).

6. Work done on an Electric Dipole in Uniform Electric Field: When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences torque and tends to allign in such a way to attain stable equilibrium 21 W p E (cos0, cos e2) If Potential Energy is arbitrarily taken zero when the dipole is at 90, then P.E in rotating the dipole and inclining it at an angle is Potential Energy U--p E cos Note: Potential Energy can be taken zero arbitrarily at any position of the dipole. Case i: If e 0 , then U Case ii: If -90 , then U 0 Case iii: If 180 , then U- pE (Unstable Equilibrium) pE (Stable Equilibrium) END