1858 Act and 1861 Act (in Hindi)

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R K Shukla

1858 Act This Act ended the system of double government. The institutions of Board of Directors and Court of Properties were abolished. It changed the designation of the Governor General of India to that of victory of India. Viceroy was the direct representative of the British crown in India. Lord Canning, who was then Governor General, became the first victory of India.Government of India Act 1858, created a new office, Secretary of state for India, with complete authority over Indian Administration. He was a member of the British Cabinet and was responsible to the British Parliament. This act continued the secretary of State in Council with a power to sue and being sued in India and in England. By this Act, a council of India (15 members) as an advisory body was established to assist the secretary of State for India. The Secretary of State was made the Chairmen of the Council. Indian council Act 1861 The Indian Council Act, 1861, was one of the series of reforms initiated by the British Government to reform the British Administrative set up in India. The Indian Council Act, 1861, reversed the centralising tendency that started in 1773 and completed with 1833 Act. It restored the legislative powers of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.The Act, provided for the establishment of new Legislative Councils for Bengal (established in 1862), North-Western frontier province (established in 1866) and Punjab (established in 1897).This Act empowered the viceroy to make rules and orders for the more convenient transaction of business in the Council. It gave recognition to the Portfolio System, introduced by Lord Canning in 1859.It authorised the Viceroy to issue ordinances during an emergency even without the concurrence of the Legislative Council. It associated Indians with the law making process for the first time. The Viceroy could nominate Indians as non-official members in his expended Council. In 1862, three Indians were nominated to the legislative Council, Raja of Banaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao