There are 104 amendment acts in the Indian Constitution that have been approved overtime as of December 2021. All of these measures have had a significant impact on Indian soceity.
The List of Major Constitutional amendments of the Indian Constitution is as follows.
The state was given the authority to create specific arrangements for the progress of socially and economically disadvantaged classes.
The Ninth Schedule was added.
Some additional Acts were included in the Ninth Schedule. This was accommodated by Fourth Amendment Act, 1955.
Inclusion of the 44 additional Acts in the Ninth Schedule was accommodated by the 17th Amendment Act, 1964.
The inclusion of the two Kerala Acts on land reforms was accommodated by the 29th Amendment Act, 1972 in the Ninth Schedule.
Inclusion of the twenty additional land tenure and land reforms acts from various states in the Ninth Schedule was accommodated by 34th Amendment Act, 1974.
The measure of representation in the Lok Sabha has been rebalanced, such that one member can now represent more than 7.5 lakh people.
The concept of a joint High Court for two or more states was presented.
Class A, B, C, and D states were abolished, and 14 states and six union territories were constituted.
The establishment of Union Territories was proposed.
Adjustments to Indian territory as a result of a 1958 agreement with Pakistan:
Cession of Berubari Union territory in India to Pakistan.
Dadra, Haveli, and Nagar were admitted to the Union of India as Union Territories.
Goa, Diu, and Daman were admitted to the Indian Union as Union Territories.
Under Article 371A, Nagaland was granted special status.
Pondicherry was brought into the Indian Union, and the legislature and council of ministers were handed to Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Tripura, Daman and Diu, Manipur, and Puducherry.
Election Tribunals were disbanded, and High Courts were given the authority to consider election petitions.
Sindhi was included in the Indian Constitution’s 8th Schedule.
The President’s approval of the Constitutional Amendment Bill has been made mandatory.
The fundamental right to property has been restricted.
The Privy Purse and the rights of old princely state rulers were eliminated.
The number of Lok Sabha seats was raised from 525 to 545.
Sikkim’s position as a protectorate state was dissolved, and Sikkim was elevated to the status of ‘Associate State’ of India.
Sikkim was elevated to the status of a full-fledged state of India.
A new tenth Schedule was introduced to include anti-defection legislation.
For both Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies elections, the voting age was reduced from 21 to 18.
The post of a special officer for SCs and STs was abolished, and a multi-member National Commission for SC/STs was created.
The Union Territory of Delhi was designated as the ‘National Capital Territory of Delhi.’
The total number of official languages now stands at 18.
Constitutional status was granted to Panchayati Raj institutions.
Local governments in cities have been accorded constitutional standing.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented.
The National Commission for Backward Classes was granted constitutional status.
The article discusses the various important amendments done to the Indian Constitution. These amendments are carried out based on the requirements of the country’s Political and societal requirements.
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