The Indian government formed the Indiana State Reform Commission (ICRC). It was formed in August 1953 to redraw the state’s borders. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was the first to appoint the panel. The commission includes km Panikkar, Fazal Ali, and H.N. Kunzru presented their findings after two years of investigation in October 1955. They presented a variety of adjustments and initiatives for state transformation. It was mostly centered on cultural landscapes, especially languages. As a result, the States Reorganization Act of 1956 was passed.

DISTRIBUTION OF STATE

The four primary sorts of states are: 

  • Part A states
  • STATE IN PART B 
  • States in Part C
  • Part D STATE
  1. The states have been identified in Part A are:
  • Past governors’ provinces in British India
  • The governors and state legislatures in these states were elected by the people.
  • The Part A state included Bombay, Madras, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces including Berar), Punjab (previously known as East Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (previously United Provinces), Orissa, & West Bengal.

2.Part B contains the following states.

  • These were princely states or groupings of princely states that had previously existed.
  • A Rajpramukh was in charge of these states.
  • Rajpramukh is the monarch of a component state with a legislature that is chosen by the people.
  • He got chosen by India’s President.
  • Patiala & East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Hyderabad, Jammu & Kashmir, and Travancore-Cochin were the five Part B states. Madhya Pradesh, Mysore, Rajasthan, & Saurashtra are all states in India.

3.Part c contains the following states.

  • It included the provinces of the former head commissioners and several princely states
  • These states were led by a chief commissioner.
  • The President of India appointed the chief commissioner
  • Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Cutch, Manipur, Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh were the four states in Part C.

4.Part c contains the following states.

  • A lieutenant governor was assigned by the federal government to manage this state.
  • The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are also the sole part of the Part D state.

STATE REORGANIZATION ACT 1956

To study the prospect of linguistic restructuring, the government created a commission chaired by S.K. Dhar. The administrative reorganization was prioritized by the S. K. Dhar Commission above linguistic reorganization. A linguistic foundation was also rejected by the JVP Committee, which included Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

However, the first linguistic state, Andhra Pradesh, was founded in 1953 when the Telugu-speaking districts of the Madras State were separated. The agitation claimed the life of Potti Sriramulu, who had been on a 56-day hunger strike. Because there were so many more linguistic requests, a commission was made up to study the demand, led by Justice F. Fazl Ali and including members H. N. Kunzru and KM. Panikkar.

In 1955, it submitted its report. The States Reorganization Act was approved in 1956 after its recommendations were adopted with changes. With the Seventh Constitution Amendment, the 4 allocations of States had been overtaken by 14 as well as six Union Territories 

REASONS IN FAVOR OF REORGANIZING THE STATE BASED ON LANGUAGE

  1. A linguistic foundation would enable greater local engagement in administration.
  2. Linguistic areas were inherently spatially continuous, making them easy to manage.
  3. The local tongues that had been ignored by the British might now thrive.
  4. In many sections of the nation, a highly combustible scenario had arisen, as well as the decision to establish linguistic states assisted in modifying the situation.

Reasons opposing reorganization of the state based on language

  1. It fostered a sense of regionalism; 
  2. It hampered economic cooperation between nations 
  3. It fostered an adversarial attitude toward neighbours

CONCLUSION

To summarise, the demand for state reorganization has both benefits and drawbacks, but the most significant component of these movements is that they help to enhance representative democracy by emphasizing decentralization and minority involvement. This also adds to the bridging of the nationalism-regionalism gap. Because of its flexibility, openness, and flexibility, Indian democracy has become an incredible case study for learning the advantages of unity in diversity.