What are the Major Concepts of Input and Output in Logical Reasoning

The concept behind input output method is the application of logical reasoning. In this concept, there is an arrangement of given data in a specific way, either in the form of letters, numbers, or words. Here, input is considered as data in the form of letters, and numbers. Sometimes a combination of numbers and words also acts as the input data. Output is the processed data that shows a particular output in sequence.

According to the specific pattern followed by this input data, the arrangement takes place and the final output is obtained. This pattern represents a particular order that gives rise to different questions. Using this pattern, we can decode each step of the question and answer it.

So, let’s start with the topic.

Types of Concept Behind Input Output Method:

The pattern of arrangement in the input-output method is correlated with the type of questions. Therefore, the following are the various types of input-output reasoning that give rise to different types of questions.

1. Shifting At One End

When the arrangement of input elements takes place either on the right or left side, it comprises a single shifting of elements.

2. Shifting At Both Ends

During the input-output method, when the input coordinates are arranged on both sides, i.e. the right and the left end at the same point, it is known as double shifting.

3. Based on the Operation

Depending upon the pattern which follows during the arrangement of coordinates, the type of operation also changes. So, sometimes according to the need for output detection various operations are performed on elements of the input.

4. Based on the Box

In this method, different numbers act as an input. The arrangement of this number occurs at each step leading to processing and output formation.

Questions Depending on Input Output Method

Due to the input-output method, we obtain output in a particular format in a stepwise manner. These questions are completely based on logic, so you have to understand the logic behind each question. After analysis, you get an idea about which pattern should use to solve the question which leads to the desired output.

Three important steps to solve the problem are:

1. Identification of arrangement pattern in the input, 
2. Shifting of words, numbers, or both present in the input, and
3. Analyse the given sequence in all possible ways such as, 

• In increasing as well as decreasing order,
• By changing the location of elements, 
• By changing the direction of the alphabet, and 
• By changing the place of a particular element in a reverse manner.

List of Important Input & Output Questions

Sample 1: Duster, Blackboard, Chalk, Table, Bench

Step 1: Duster, Blackboard, Chalk, Bench, Table.

Step 2: Table, Duster, Blackboard, Chalk, Bench

Step 3: Table, Duster, Chalk, Blackboard, Bench

Using the above sample as a reference, give the output of the following input given below.

INPUT: Tree, Fruit, Branch, Sepals, Petals, Flower

Solution: As shown in the above Sample 1, you can see that “Table, Duster, Chalk, Blackboard, Bench” are placed in descending order of alphabets. So, to solve the given input, you will need to place it in the descending order of alphabets.

Hence, the output of the given input should be:

Step 1: Tree, Sepals, Fruit, Branch, Petals, Flower

Step 2: Tree, Sepals, Petals, Fruits, Branch, Flower

Step 3: Tree, Sepals, Petals, Fruits, Flower, Branch

Hence, you can see that the pattern of arranging the words is in the descending order of the alphabet.

Let’s understand the concept behind the input output method by solving some additional questions. The next question is based on digits, unlike the previous question which was based on alphabets.

Sample 2: 36, 24, 60, 84, 72, 120, 48, 96

Step 1: 120, 36, 24, 60, 84, 72, 48, 96

Step 2: 120, 96, 36, 24, 60, 84, 72, 48,

Step 3: 120, 96, 84, 36, 24, 60, 72, 48

Step 4: 120, 96, 84, 72, 36, 24, 60, 48

Step 5: 120, 96, 84, 72, 60, 36, 24, 48

Step 6: 120, 96, 84, 72, 60, 48, 36, 24

Now, you will need to answer the following sample question to properly understand the concept behind input output method.

INPUT: 28, 42, 96, 56. 70, 84, 98, 112

Solution: As you can see in the above Sample 2, the multiples of 12 are arranged in descending order, one by one. Hence, in the given INPUT, you need to solve it by arranging the multiples of 14 by arranging them in descending order.

Step 1: 112, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98

Step 2: 112, 98, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84

Step 3: 112, 98, 84, 28, 42, 56, 70

Step 4: 112, 98, 84, 70, 28, 42, 56

Step 5: 112, 98, 84, 70, 56, 28, 42

Step 6: 112, 98, 84, 70, 56, 42, 28

The last step solved the INPUT by arranging the multiples in descending order. So, this is how you should observe an input-output question to solve them rapidly and correctly.

Conclusion

It is crucial to analyse the given sample thoroughly to grasp the concept of input-output question. Once you get an idea of how the sample question has been solved, you can easily provide the output of the given input.

Here, we have provided a list of important input & output questions that will help you understand the concept of the input output method. Also, you can practice with the sample questions given in the list, which will help solve the input-output question in the exam.