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well-known scientist, represented electromagnetic induction as Faraday’s law of induction. Electromotive force is the terminal potential difference that tends to raise an electric current. Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that acknowledges electromagnetic forces.
The flow of energy or waves from a magnetic field is electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon in which an electromotive force is produced in an electric conductor in a changing magnetic field. The mechanism of electromagnetic induction is used in modern technology for many household and industrial applications.
Definition of Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon in which a conductor is located in a certain spot and the magnetic field is constantly changing. If the magnetic field is stationary and the conductor is moving, it creates a voltage or emf (electromotive force) over the electrical conductor. This happens when a conductor is set in a time-varying magnetic field or when a conductor is always moving in a stationary magnetic field.
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s law is applied to build induced electromotive force. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that in a magnetic field the closed circuit is in motion. If the magnetic field is time-varying, the induced emf or voltage across the terminals of a closed circuit is equivalent to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked to the circuit.
The equation for Faraday’s electromagnetic induction is:
V=-N*dΦ/dt
Here,
- n is the number of turns of the magnetic circuit
- Φ is the flux of each magnetic terminal
The induced electromotive force is proportional to the rate of change of the coil flux linked to the circuit. Increasing the number of turns of the magnetic circuit will increase the induced emf in the coil.
The total magnetic field which passes through the given area is called magnetic flux. It determines the effects of magnetic force in an area. If we increase the magnetic flux, the induced emf will also increase.
Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
The negative sign in Faraday’s magnetic induction represents Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction. It indicates the direction of the flow of current in a closed circuit. It also tells about the induced magnetic field produced by the current, which opposes the original magnetic field.
Variation of flux may be caused in three ways:
- The first variation of flux is caused by having a stationary loop in a time-varying B (magnetic) field.
- The second change in flux is caused due to the time-varying loop area in the static field.
- The third change of magnetic flux is caused due to both the stationary loop and time-varying loop. This is a very cost-effective process. Wireless charging is possible through electromagnetic induction. The efficiency of magnetic induction is 84 percent in electric induction applications.
Structure of Electromagnet
The structure of an electromagnet consists of a wire wound into a coil. Current passes through the wire to create a magnetic field, which influences the overall strength of the magnet. The magnet creates the magnetic field in a current-carrying loop. When the current or power is put off the magnetic field vanishes.
Electromagnets are made up of very soft materials and are temporarily magnetized. The cost is relatively low compared to other magnets. They have low coercivity, and the magnetic properties can be altered by using current. The best example of an electromagnet is a solenoid.
Increasing the number of coils in the electromagnet improves the strength of the magnetic field. Electromagnets are used in motors, generators, relays, magnetic resonance imaging, electric bells, and buzzers.
Electromagnetic Force
An electromagnetic force is an elementary force created by electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is carried by photons, which are responsible for the chemical interactions between atoms and molecules. The force can be both attractive and repulsive causing electromagnetic radiation like light.
Lorentz force is the integration of electrical and magnetic forces. It is the force exerted on a
- charged particle q
- with a velocity v
- in an electric field E
- and a magnetic field B
Exerting a force
F = qE + qvB
where F is a force acting on the charged particle q and it is proportional to both the electric field and magnetic field.
The Lorentz force F is the entire electromagnetic force exerted on the charged particle q. This mechanism is used in air conditioning systems, kitchen appliances, and relays.
Conclusion
Electricity and magnetism are factors of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction is the induction of electromotive force in a circuit. Electromagnetic induction happens in the presence of an electric conductor and changing magnetic field that creates a voltage or emf electromotive force over the electrical conductor.
An electromagnet is a kind of magnet that creates a magnetic field in a current-carrying loop. When the current or power is put off, the magnetic field vanishes.
An electromagnetic force is a force produced by electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is carried by photons. Photons interact with the charged particles but do not themselves get charged. The energy or waves propagated through this force is known as electromagnetic radiation.
