Types Of Thermodynamics

Introduction: Heat, work, temperature, and energy are all related in thermodynamics, which is the study of the relationships between these variables. Energy changes in a system, and whether or not the system can perform useful work on its surroundings, are described by the laws of thermodynamics.

Types of Thermodynamic Systems Processes include the following:

The isobaric process is the first of these.

Processes involving isochoric polarisation

The isothermal process is a third type of process.

The process of adiabatic cooling

Process that is semi-static

Isobaric is a process that occurs in nature.

Both the terms “iso” and “baric” refer to the same thing.

Thermal processes in which the pressure of the system remains constant are known as isobaric thermodynamic processes. Assume that there is fuel present in the piston and cylinder configuration. When this fuel is burned, the pressure of the gases produced inside the engine rises, increasing the efficiency of the engine. Allowing the gases to expand by allowing the piston to move outside of the system, on the other hand, keeps the pressure in the system constant.

Process of Isochoric Reaction

In an isochoric process, the volume of the system is maintained at a fixed value throughout. The heating of a gas in a closed cylinder serves as an example of the isochoric process. The temperature change caused by a given amount of heat is determined by the specific heat of the gas at a constant volume (specific heat).

Adiabatic Reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs when two substances react together.

An adiabatic process is one in which the heat content of the system remains constant throughout the duration of the process. It is during this process that neither heat enters nor exits from the system.

Quasi-static processes or quasi-equilibrium processes are used to describe systems that are constantly in close proximity to their stable equilibrium state. For example, if a person descends from the roof to the ground floor by means of ladder steps, this is considered a quasi-static process in nature. In contrast, if he jumps from the roof to the ground floor, the process will not be characterised by quasi-static behaviour.

Characteristics of Thermodynamic Systems

It is defined as system characteristics that can be used to specify the state of a system in terms of thermodynamic properties. Thermodynamic properties can have a wide range or a narrow range.

Intensive properties are those that are not affected by the amount of matter present. Temperature and pressure are both extremely powerful physical properties.

When it comes to extensive properties, the value of the property is determined by the mass of the system. Volume, energy, and enthalpy are all very broad properties that can be used to describe a variety of things.

Laws of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic laws define the fundamental physical quantities such as energy, temperature, and entropy that characterise thermodynamic systems in thermal equilibrium, as well as the relationships between these quantities. Under various conditions, these thermodynamic laws represent how these quantities behave in relation to one another. 

What is the total number of thermodynamic laws?

The following are the four laws of thermodynamics that govern heat transfer:

The zeroth law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics

The third law of thermodynamics is as follows:

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

According to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, if two bodies are individually in equilibrium with a third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other, as well as the third body.

The First Law of Thermodynamics

As stated in the First Law of Thermodynamics, also referred to as the Law of Conservation of Energy,energy cannot be created or destroyed,but can only be transformed from one form to another.

The following are some examples of the First Law of Thermodynamics:

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert the radiant energy emitted by sunlight into chemical energy for use by their cells. Swimming, walking, breathing, and scrolling through this page are all examples of activities in which we consume plants and convert their chemical energy into kinetic energy.

Although it appears that turning on a light generates energy, it is actually electrical energy that is converted when the light is on.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases in a closed system, such as a refrigerator. Any isolated system will spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium, which is the state in which the system has the greatest amount of entropy.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

Because temperature approaches absolute zero, the third law of thermodynamics states that the amount of entropy in a system decreases until it reaches a constant value.

At absolute zero temperature, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance (perfect order) is zero, and this is known as the zeroth power law. IF the perfect crystal has only one state in which the least amount of energy is present, then this statement is correct.

Observations of Thermodynamics in the Real World

Temperature control is used everywhere, whether we are sitting in an air-conditioned room or driving in any type of automobile. Several of these applications are listed below, for your convenience:

The second law of thermodynamics governs the operation of a wide range of vehicles, including planes, trucks, and ships, among others.

The three heat transfer modes are based on the laws of thermodynamics and operate as such. The concepts of heat transfer are widely used in a variety of applications, including radiators, heaters, and coolers.

A thermodynamic approach is used in the analysis of various types of power plants, including nuclear and thermal energy generators.

What is the significance of thermodynamics in our daily lives?

Thermodynamics is a vital branch of physics and chemistry that cannot be overlooked. Specifically, it is concerned with the study of energy, the conversion of energy between different forms, and the ability of energy to perform mechanical work.

What does the science of thermodynamics have to say on the subject?

Temperature, behaviour, and equilibrium composition of a system are described by thermodynamics, while the rate at which a specific process will take place and the pathway through which it will take place are described by kinetics.

Conclusion:

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed into a different state of matter. When applying the first law of thermodynamics to an open system, the amount of energy entering the system equals the amount of energy leaving the system, according to the law.