Germination is a process in which a seed undergoes transformations to become a seedling or a young plant. It is the fundamental process by which different species develop into a plant from a single seed. The production and quality of crops are affected by the seed germination process. One such example is what we witness when seedlings from gymnosperm or angiosperm seeds sprout.When two or more genes control the same trait, this is known as polygenic inheritance. These genes are often greater in terms of number and lesser in terms of the influence they can have. Skin colour, height, weight, and eye colour are all instances of polygenic inheritance in humans.

1. In a dark room, a few standard tomato seedlings were placed. After a few days, they were discovered to have turned albino-like white. Which of these adjectives would you use to describe them?

(a) It has been defoliated.

(b) Has been etiolated

c) Symbolised

(d) Alternate

The answer is: (b)

2. Because of their effect on germination, gibberellins can help seeds germinate.

(a) abscisic acid production

(b) cell division rate

c) the manufacture of hydrolyzing enzymes

d) water absorption through the hard seed coat

The answer is: (c)

3. There is an enzyme that can help barley seeds germinate.

 (a) invertase 

(b)Lipase 

(c) Protease is a type of enzyme that helps you digest food.

(d)-amylase 

The answer is: (d)

4. The seed coat ruptures during seed germination due to

(a) enormous water consumption

(b)cotyledon differentiation 

c) an increase in cell division that occurs suddenly

d)cotyledons and endosperm undergo extensive glycolysis

The answer is: (a)

5. Maize endosperm’s proteinaceous portion is

a) The periphery layer

(b)scutellum 

(c) Apophysis 

(d)Aleurone layer 

The answer is: (d)

6. The germination of pea seeds requires one of these gases.

(a)nitrogen 

(b)oxygen 

c) vapours of water

(d)hydrogen 

The answer is: (b)

7.Seed dormancy allows plants to rest.

(a) cultivate healthy seeds

(b) suffocate viability

(c) overcome adverse weather conditions

(d) avoid seed degradation

The answer is: (c)

8. During the germination of seeds, a protective covering is placed over the radical.

(a) coleoptile 

(b) Epithelium is a type of cell that is found on the surface of the

c)Suspensor 

(d)Coleorhiza is a type of plant that belongs to the genus Coleorhiza

The answer is: (d)

9. Which of the following chemicals has the ability to cause seed dormancy?

(a)Potassium nitrate 

b)ABA (abnormal behaviour analysis)

(c)Gibberellins 

(d)Ethylene 

The answer is: (b)

10.An albuminous seed with hypogeal germination is number ten.

(a) bean

(b) castor oil

(c)gramme 

(d)maize 

The answer is: (d)

11. Polygenic inheritance in Nicotiana longiflora corolla length was examined by 

(a) Joseph Kolreuter 

(b) E.M. East.

(c)Francis Galton 

(d)Nilsson-Ehle 

The answer is: (b)

12. Marriages between close relatives should be avoided because they are more likely to generate problems.

(a) Abnormalities in the birth of a child

b) Variations

(c) The occurrence of recessive alleles

(d)Multiple births 

The answer is: (c)

13. When two or more nonallelic gene pairs have the same effect on the same character, it is referred to as

(a)Pleiotropy 

(b)polygenic inheritance 

(c) expressivity that is additive

(d) penetrance total

The answer is: (b)

14. Polygenes are characterised by

(a)Different phenotypes 

(b) Various genotypes

(c) Genotypes and phenotypes that are similar

(d) Both (a) and (b) are true (b)

The answer is: (a)

15. Raju and Rani want to start a family, but because each of their brothers has sickle-cell disease, they are concerned that their children would develop the disease as well. Raju, Rani, and their parents are all free of the illness. They seek the advice of a genetic counsellor, who informs them of this.

(a) It’s possible that none of their children will develop the illness, but blood testing on both of them will reveal this.

They must be carried out in order to confirm

(b) sickle-cell disease will affect all of their offspring.

(c) one out of every four of their offspring is likely to have sickle cell disease.

(d) none of their children will get sickle cell disease.

The answer is: (a)

16. This inheritance pattern is usually responsible for traits that have a lot of phenotypic diversity.

(a) partial dominance

(b)polygenic inheritance 

(c) inheritance of several alleles

d) Inheritance that is based on a woman’s sex

The answer is: (b)

17. In females, one of the X chromosomes is inactivated by

(a)Environmental variables 

(b) mitochondrial DNA-encoded enzymes

(c) the total number of dominant genes on each X chromosome

(d) indicators of epigenetic modification

The answer is: (d)

18. Select the appropriate statement.

(a) Pleiotropic genes have only one phenotype.

(b) A gene with many phenotypic effects causes pleiotropy.

(c) The appearance of ancestral traits is caused by lethal genes.

(d) Sickle cell anaemia is a multifactorial inheritance disease.

The answer is: (b)

19. Which of the following exemplifies pleiotropy?

(a) Short-eared sheep are usually the product of earless sheep mating with long-eared sheep.

offspring

(b) Human cystic fibrosis manifests itself in a variety of ways, ranging from respiratory difficulties to digestive problems.

problems

(c) The colour of wheat kernels can range from white to crimson, depending on a number of factors.

genes

(d) In fruit flies, the genes for scarlet eyes and a hairy body reside on the same chromosome.

chromosome

The answer is: (b)

20.Marfan’s syndrome is caused by a combination of factors.

(a)Polygene is a term that refers to a gene that has several copies.

(b)Pseudogene 

(c) A gene that acts as a modifier

(d)pleiotropic gene 

The answer is: (d)

21.When a hybrid expresses a personality, it is referred to as .?

1. Epistasis
2. Dominant
3. Co-dominant
4. Recessive

Answer b

22.A plant with the genotype AABbCC produces __ types of gametes.

1. 5
2. 4
3. 3
4. 2

Answer-d

23.Color blindness is a recessive characteristic connected to .

1. Z chromosome
2. Y chromosome
3. X chromosome
4. None of the above

Answer-c

24.Mitochondrial DNA is handed down in most organisms.

1. DNA
2. Mother and Father
3. Father
4. Mother

Answer-d