The permanent tissues of a plant are those tissues that do not contain any cells that are capable of dividing. It is also possible to modify cells so that they perform specific functions in the plants. All of the cells in the permanent tissue are derived from the cells in the developing or meristematic tissue.

The permanent tissue cells have also undergone a complete differentiation process. Each of the cells is large and has a distinct shape and size. Intercellular spaces can be seen between the cells, indicating that they exist. Within these cells, there are also large vacuoles to be found. The metabolism that takes place in the cells of the permanent tissue occurs at a significantly slower rate than that of the temporary tissue.

Permanent tissue in plants is primarily responsible for supporting and protecting the plant, as well as for photosynthesis and the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. Permanent tissue cells can be alive or dead, depending on their location in the body.

Permanent Tissues are classified into the following categories

Tissues that are permanently attached to the body can be divided into two types. They are as follows:

• Simple permanent tissue 
• Complex permanent tissue

Simple permanent tissue 

These tissues are straightforward. They are composed entirely of a single type of cell. Every cell that makes up the tissue is similar to one another and shares the same structure, as well as the same types of parts. Simple permanent tissues are divided into three types once more, this time into three categories. There are three types of parenchyma: parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchyma.

• Parenchyma – This tissue contains living cells with thin cell walls, which distinguishes it from other tissues. The shape of the cells can be oval or round. They have a large central vacuole and a dense cytoplasm, which makes them easy to identify. Cortex and pith, for example, are both examples of soft parts of the plant that contain parenchyma tissue. It is primarily used as a packing tissue, providing mechanical support in the process. It also contributes to the preservation of food. Parenchyma can be further subdivided into Aerenchyma and Chlorenchyma based on the specific functions that it performs.

• Collenchyma – These cells are living and have an elongated shape. They are found in the intestine. The corners of the cell wall have thickened as a result of this. There is very little intercellular space available at this time. The collenchyma tissue can be found in a variety of places, such as the leaf stalks, beneath the epidermis, and so on. Its primary function is to allow plants to be as flexible as possible while also providing mechanical support.

• Sclerenchyma – The cells that make up the sclerenchyma tissue are no longer alive. Because of the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall, the cell wall is extremely thick. The cells that make up this tissue can be found in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are typically found in the veins of leaves and the hard coverings of seeds, but they can also be found in the area surrounding the vascular bundle. The most important function of the sclerenchymatous tissue is to provide rigidity and mechanical support to the plant’s main structural elements. In addition, they make the plant stiff and hard.

Complex  permanent tissue

The complex permanent tissues are made up of a variety of cell types that work together. They work in unison to carry out the same specialised functions throughout the plant’s entire body. It is possible to divide them into two types: Xylem and Phloem.

• Xylem – The xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and stem of the plant, as well as the transport of nutrients. It also helps to support the growth of the plants. There are four components to it. It is composed of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers, among others.

• Phloem – This complex permanent tissue aids in the transport of food prepared by photosynthesis in the leaves to various parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of a number of different cells. Phloem is made up of four constituent parts. Phloem parenchyma, companion cells, sieve tubes, and phloem fibers are all examples of phloem structures.

Conclusion

The permanent tissues of a plant are those tissues that do not contain any cells that are capable of dividing. It is also possible to modify cells so that they perform specific functions in the plants.Tissues that are permanently attached to the body can be divided into two types. They are as follows:i)Simple permanent tissue(ii)Complex permanent tissue.Simple permanent tissue are straightforward. They are composed entirely of a single type of cell. Every cell that makes up the tissue is similar to one another and shares the same structure, as well as the same types of parts. Simple permanent tissues are divided into three types once more, this time into three categories. There are three types of parenchyma: parenchymal, collenchymal, and sclerenchyma.The complex permanent tissues are made up of a variety of cell types that work together. They work in unison to carry out the same specialised functions throughout the plant’s entire body. It is possible to divide them into two types: Xylem and Phloem.