Here are the answers to crucial MCQs about chromosomes, including their structure, function, kinds, and disorders.

1. __________ is the person who coined the term chromosomal.

(a) Sutton

(b) Boveri

(c) Waldeyer

(d) Hoffmeister

Solution: (c) Waldeyer.

2. The gene for colour blindness is found in________ in males.

(a) X-chromosome

(b) Y-chromosome

(c) Both X and Y chromosome

(d) Either X-chromosome or Y-chromosome

Solution: (a) X-chromosome.

3. Who was the first person to propose the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

(a) Sutton

(b) Boveri

(c) Correns

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Solution: (d) Both (a) and (b).

4. Which of the following diseases is known as a sex-related disease?

(a) Leukaemia

(b) Alzheimer’s

(c) Malignancy

(d) Colour blindness

Solution: (d) Colour blindness.

5. Which of the following claims concerning chromosomal ends is correct?

(a) The ends of the chromosome are called Satellites

(b) The ends of the chromosome are called Centromeres

(c) The ends of the chromosome are called Telomeres

(d) The ends of the chromosome are called Kinetochore

Solution: (c) The ends of the chromosome are called Telomeres.

6. In a human individual, how many sex chromosomes are there?

(a) 1 pair

(b) 2 pairs

(c) 3 pairs

(d) 4 pairs

Solution: (a) 1 pair.

7. Who was the first to notice the chromosomes?

(a) Fleming

(b) Waldeyer

(c) Strasburger

(d) Hofmeister

Solution: (d) Hofmeister.

Which of the following claims concerning the metaphase is correct?

(a) A chromosome is the thickest during the metaphase

(b) A chromosome is the shortest during the metaphase

(c) A chromosome is the longest during the metaphase

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Solution: (d) Both (a) and (b).

9. An allele that is completely expressed is referred to as .

(a) Dominant

(b) Recessive

(c) Homologous

(d) Heterozygous

Solution: (a) Dominant.

Each of the chromosomes in a bone marrow cell has_______ at the anaphase stage.

(a) No chromatids

(b) One chromatid

(c) Two chromatids

(d) Several chromatids

Solution: (b) One chromatid.

11. The majority of genetic diseases are caused by .

(a) Mutation

(b) The gender of an individual

(c) The gross chromosomal abnormalities

(d) All of the above

Solution: (a) Mutation.

12. _________ refers to the thread-like structures that develop inside the nucleus during cell division.

(a) Asters

(b) Centrioles

(c) Chromosomes

(d) Spindle fibers

Solution: (c) Chromosomes

Which of the following claims about chromatin composition is correct?

(a) DNA

(b) RNA

(c) DNA and proteins

(d) DNA, RNA and proteins

Solution: (d) DNA, RNA and proteins.

14. In a human individual, how many autosomes are there?

(a) 20 pairs

(b) 22 pairs

(c) 23 pairs

(d) 44 pairs

Solution: (b) 22 pairs.

15. Which of the following extant animals has a chromosomal count of greater than 200?
16. a) Amoeba

(b) Buffalo

(c) Chicken

(d) Giraffe

Solution: (a) Amoeba.

16. __________ is the person who coined the term chromosomal.

(a) Sutton

(b) Boveri

(c) Waldeyer

(d) Hoffmeister

Solution: (c) Waldeyer.

17. The chromosomes found in Drosophila’s salivary gland are___________.

1. a) Polytene

(b) Lampbrush

(c) Supernumerary

(d) B-chromosomes

Solution: (a) Polytene.

18.Lampbrush chromosomes are found in the .

(a) Oocytes

(b) Cancer cells

(c) Lymph glands

(d) Salivary glands

Solution: (a) Oocytes.

19. Which of the following statements concerning Chromatids is correct?

(a) It is a haploid chromosome

(b) It is a complete chromosome

(c) It is a duplicate chromosome

(d) It is one-half of the replicated chromosome

Solution: (d) It is one-half of the replicated chromosome.

20. The centromere is the region of the chromosome that contains___________.

1. a) Nicking occurs

(b) Chromatids are attached

(c) Nucleoli are formed

(d) Crossing-over takes place

Solution: (b) Chromatids are attached.

21. The chromosomal ends are known as .

(a) Satellites

(b) Centromeres

(c) Telomeres

(d) Kinetochore

Solution: (c) Telomeres.

22. The first person to notice chromosomes was___________.

(a) Fleming

(b) Waldeyer

(c) Strasburger

(d) Hoffmeister

Solution: (d) Hoffmeister.

23.A chromosome with a sub-terminal centromere is referred to as___________.

(a) Acrocentric

(b) Acentric

(c) Metacentric

(d) Telocentric

Solution: (a) Acrocentric.

24. A chromonemata is a large chromosome that contains a lot of chromonemata.

(a) Heterochromosome

(b) Polytene chromosome

(c) Lampbrush chromosome

(d) Supernumerary chromosome

Solution: (b) Polytene chromosome.

25.A chromosome having a centromere near the middle is referred to as a__________.

(a) Metacentric

(b) Acrocentric

(c) Telocentric

(d) Submetacentric

Solution: (d) Submetacentric.

26. The loci of___________ are puffs or balbiani rings in the salivary gland chromosome.

(a) Protein synthesis

(b) RNA synthesis

(c) DNA replication

(d) DNA duplication

Solution: (b) RNA synthesis

27. __________ proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

(a) Sutton in 1902

(b) Boveri in 1902

(c) Correns in 1909

(d) Sutton and Boveri in 1902

Solution: (d) Sutton and Boveri in 1902

28. There are almost 200 chromosomes in___________.

(a) Dog

(b) Amoeba

(c) Chicken

(d) Gorilla

Solution: (b) Amoeba.

29.If the___________, a colorblind daughter could be born.

(a) Father is normal and the mother is a carrier

(b) Father is normal and the mother is colour blind

(c) Father is colour blind and mother is a carrier

(d) Father is colour blind and mother is normal

Solution: (c) Father is colour blind and mother is a carrier.

30. A human male’s somatic cell contains___________.

(a) No gene on the sex chromosome

(b) Genes on only on sex chromosomes

(c) Two genes for every sex-linked character

(d) Only one sex-linked gene for each character

Solution: (d) Only one sex-linked gene for each character.

31. Algae and bacteria found in blue-green algae and bacteria

(a) Three linkage groups

(b) Two linkage groups

(c) One linkage group

(d) None of the above

Solution: (c) One linkage group.

32. Algae and bacteria found in blue-green algae and bacteria

(a) Three linkage groups

(b) Two linkage groups

(c) One linkage group

(d) None of the above

Solution: (c) One linkage group

33. In Drosophila, how many linkage groups are there?

(a) Two

(b) Four

(c) Eight

(d) None of the above

Solution: (b) Four.

34. In humans, the gene for colour blindness is found on .

(a) Both X and Y chromosome

(b) Y-chromosome only

(c) X-chromosome only

(d) Either X-chromosome or Y-chromosome

Solution: (c) X-chromosome only.